Private

FS 3.205

Mountain Festivals

Details

  • Full Title

    FS 3.205: Mountain Festivals: The Representation, Marketing, and Consumption of Mountaineering Cultures
  • Scheduled

    TBA
  • Location

    TBA
  • Co-Conveners

  • Assigned to Synthesis Workshop

    ---
  • Thematic Focus

    Culture, Equality, Gender, Tourism
  • Keywords

    Mountain festivals, mountain film, inclusion and exclusion, gender and mountains

Description

Our session consists of presentations that take a deeper look at various aspects of mountain festivals. The conveners will introduce a planned edited volume on mountain festivals and discuss questions pertaining to representation and inclusion / exclusion in mountain film festivals around the world. Other presentations address the history of the Banff Mountain Festival (Katie Ives), the representation of gender in festival-driven mountaineering documentaries (Julie Rak), the role of translation at mountain festivals (Anna Saroldi), and diversity, inclusion, and gender at bouldering festivals (Charlotte Bösling).  We welcome additional presentations that focus on issues such as diversity, counterculture, Indigenous rights, or other perspectives.

Submitted Abstracts

ID: 3.7798

The 2024 Banff Mountain Book Festival: Toward a More Diverse and Imaginative Mountain Literature

Katherine Ives

Abstract/Description

During the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, mountaineering book festivals were often dominated by a certain kind of formulaic narrative, which John Appleby, late editor of the literary climbing blog Footless Crow, termed “subzero suffering and derring do.” In these stories, protagonists—generally White men—battle the elements, their minds and bodies so focused on the task at hand that the rest of the world seems to vanish. Claiming a coveted summit, they return with some form of gain, such as national glory or personal fulfillment.

More recently, however, an increasingly diverse group of writers has redefined the genre, shattering barriers that once excluded them. For this talk, I will focus on the work of two such authors celebrated during the 2024 Banff Centre Mountain Film and Book Festival in Canada: Headstrap: Legends and Lore from the Climbing Sherpas of Darjeeling by Indian authors Nandini Purandare and Deepa Balsavar, which won the Climbing Literature Award; and British Mountaineers, Welsh writer Faye Latham’s collection of erasure poetry, which was displayed in a festival exhibition.

Both books encourage readers to read between the lines of past stories, to look for what is missing or erased, and to be open to new stories emerging through the gaps. Striving to restore what has been lost in a Western-dominated canon, they venture beyond incomplete written records to collect oral histories or to engage with physical objects—such as the fibers that bind an old book together or a coin box filled with mementoes of expedition porters. Instead of the linear arc common to tales of colonial conquest, they assert the value of different kinds of storytelling, with interweaving lines and voices that offer deeper layers of complexity, reciprocity, and counternarratives.

The overwhelming success of these works at the festival—along with similarly innovative books—reflects a larger paradigm shift in the writers and audiences of mountain literature around the world. At a time of rising censorship and backlash against diversity, equity, and inclusion in the United States and elsewhere, such literary efforts may become more and more significant as a means of resistance.

ID: 3.9319

Presenting Black Rock at the Kendal Mountain Festival: the value of live performance in mountain festival economies

Jonathan Pitches

Abstract/Description

In 2017, in a joint venture between the Kendal Mountain Festival, the University of Leeds and the Arts and Humanities Research Council, a new piece of live performance was created, entitled Black Rock. The piece, devised by Dr David Shearing (Central School of Speech and Drama), written by Claire Carter (KMF) and with dramaturgy by Jonathan Pitches, was an immersive digital performance translating the experience of elite rock climbing to an audience sitting in a theatre studio. The project explored Johnny Dawes’ first ascent of Indian Face (E9 6C) on Snowdon/Yr Wyddfa in 1986 (a groundbreaking climb which attracted national media interest), and explored wider issues of heroism, risk-taking and tactility. Co-commissioned by KMF in 2016, the project offers an interesting case study to consider the value of live performance in the film-dominated economy of mountain festivals. Sharing some of the striking documentation of the project, this short paper, will unpick the collaborative challenges we faced in the project, and evaluate the extent to which live theatre has a place in mountain festival economy. Can live art offer something unique to the mediation of mountain culture? How is it received and consumed? And what are its limitations?

ID: 3.9356

Manimahesh Yatra: A century old tradition for preserving indigenous culture and sustainable community tourism in Pir Panjal Range of Greater Himalaya in Himachal Pradesh, India

Krishna Kumar

Abstract/Description

The Manimahesh Yatra, an annual pilgrimage to the sacred Manimahesh Lake, holds deep socio-cultural significance for the people of Himachal Pradesh, especially of Chamba district. Situated in the Pir Panjal Range of the Greater Himalayas, this pilgrimage intertwines religious beliefs with the region’s rich cultural heritage, drawing devotees from across Himachal Pradesh. This paper aims to explore how the Manimahesh Yatra helps not only in preserving century-old traditions but also helps in maintaining sustainable community tourism in the Pir Panjal Range since ages and impacting the socio-economic conditions of the local communities and the environment. Utilizing primary survey techniques such as structured interviews, participant observation, and focus group discussions, the research explores and documents the experiences and perceptions of pilgrims, local residents, and officials involved in organizing the Yatra. The findings highlight the Yatra’s role in preserving rich cultural practices, promoting social cohesion, and sustaining the local economy and environment. However, the study also points to environmental challenges that arise from increased footfall of devotees, tourists’ vehicles, and changing climatic conditions in the Himalayan ranges.

ID: 3.9387

Role of culture in promoting mountain tourism: A study of Darjeeling Hills

Alolika Mangal

Abstract/Description

The Great Himalayan Mountain range stretching from Nanga Parbat in west to Namjagbarwa Peak in east covering five countries like Bhutan, Nepal, India, Pakistan and China is an adobe of distinctive indigenous people representing an array of diverse cultures, traditions, food and festivals along with its astounding natural widespread landscapes. Darjeeling Hills, often called ‘queen of hills’ as a part of Eastern Himalayas rendering a land of different communities belonging to multiple religious groups representing distinctive cultural traits in the form of fairs, festivals, traditions and customs. The study is focusing on fairs and festivals which are integral part of different communities like Gorkhas, Lepchas, Sherpas, Newars, Bengalis, Tibetan, Dhukpas staying in this mountain region depicting a sense of cosmopolitan nature along with intermixing of diverse ethnicity. Based on key observation and information from various secondary sources of information, a thorough review of various government sites, reports, literature, discussions with habitants, and tourists, the prominent role of festivals and related gatherings in attracting tourist flow with spreading knowledge of mountain cultures is the main objective of the study. The study explores two different dimensions of festival from seasonal perspective and from community religious perspective which are mainly attracting people across the globe as well as interstate and intra state flows. This study is attempting to showcase that this plethora of diversified festivals, fairs are major grounds of endorsing mountain cultures and boosting tourism both in the form of sustainable livelihood and economic expansion. Through this study another understanding of secular festivals as cultural elements is made to provide structure and meaning of shared brotherhood and foster a community sensitivity. As tourism has an important role specifically in mountain region to boost local economy therefore an attempt is also made to depict an inter relationship between tourism and these festive gatherings as cultural melting points and its impact on the region’s overall development. It can be said that this study is an effort to highlight the cultural side of Darjeeling hills which need to be advocated along with preserving people’s traditions and customs who are the protector of natural entities.

ID: 3.9446

Indigenous festival in the Biosphere Reserve Laguna Blanca, Argentinian Andes: Encountering extractivist logic, fragmented resistance, and the conflictive “cosmopolitical” arena

Tobias Boos
Salvucci, Daniela

Abstract/Description

We focus on the interconnections among the indigenous festival “1st of August”, indigenous communities’ sociopolitical dynamics, a potential ecological crisis, and tourism development in Laguna Blanca, a highland village in the Province of Catamarca, Northwestern Andean Argentina. We present an ethnographic description of the ritual offering to Pachamama (Mother Earth), called corpachada, which since the early 2000s evolved from a private ritual into the indigenous festival “1st of August”, including the public presentation of different rituals, speeches and ludic activities, attracting national and some international tourism.
The festival indeed played a crucial role in the definition of the indigenous communities, which between 2006 and 2024 have been recognised legally by the Argentinian state. We are interested in tracing and building connections between the and the current political, social, and ecological transformations of the area, especially those associated with the new mining projects and the conflicts and fragmentation that these plans have produced among and within the local communities and families. Indeed, during the festival, some indigenous leaders encountered and contested the mainstream “mining discourse” of the Province of Catamarca in subtle ways and intended to establish a discourse of sustainable tourism to prevent future ecological depletion. Contrary to these discourses and practices, outside the festival arena, some indigenous leaders, not attending the festival, started to embrace the mining project, and, consequently, formerly united resistance to mining fragmented, and indigenous communities split up in the last six years.
Drawing on the methodologies of sociocultural anthropology and geography, we propose “mapping” the spatial and temporal dynamics of the festival to understand how sociocultural change in the communities of the Biosphere Reserve Laguna is interconnected with the processes of “politicisation,” “festivalisation,” and “touristification” of the mentioned corpachada ritual. In addition, we argue that the ritual can be seen as an opening “cosmopolitical” arena in which new possible strategies of alliance among indigenous communities, researchers, and even tourists can be experimented with.

ID: 3.9648

Searching for best practice: Gender, diversity and inclusion at bouldering festivals

Charlotte Bösling

Abstract/Description

The outdoor bouldering scene is often described as open-minded and inclusive, a style-culture more than a competitive sport. Climbers with diverse body types explore various solutions to movement challenges, drawing inspiration from the different ways individuals approach the same problem. This culture also fosters mutual care, as climbers support one another through spotting and safety practices.
However, despite its inclusive ethos, the climbing community still grapples with issues such as sexism, ableism, racism, ageism, transphobia, and other forms of discrimination. To address these challenges, it is crucial to establish safe spaces that empower marginalized groups and encourage their active participation. As articulated in the Mission Statement of the Women’s Bouldering Festival (2019), the goal must be to “empower underrepresented individuals and groups to confidently take space in the climbing community and beyond.”
This talk examines “Women’s Bouldering”, a non-profit organization that organizes the Women’s Bouldering Festival annually and the Transfest (first edition in 2025)—outdoor bouldering festivals held in the legendary forest of Fontainebleau. These events serve as case studies for inclusive best practices, emphasizing gender equity, intersectionality, and accessibility in outdoor spaces. By providing dedicated spaces for marginalized communities, both festivals and their organizing teams play a pioneering role in fostering equality and inclusion within the outdoor bouldering scene.

ID: 3.11463

Festival Obscura: Gender in Festival-Driven Mountaineering Documentaries

Julie Rak

Abstract/Description

Every year, mountain film festivals around the world show films that are difficult to see any other way, in formats that are very popular with audiences. The films Pretty Strong (2020) and Cholitas (2019), both award-winning films shown at mountain film festivals around the world, could be seen as evidence of better representation of women and Indigenous people on the film festival circuit. However, both films demonstrate that the politics and expectations of film festivals themselves can work to limit the power of films featuring women to portray and facilitate lasting social change in climbing.

ID: 3.11556

Opening Remarks: Mountain Festivals – The Representation, Marketing, and Consumption of Mountaineering Cultures

Harald Höbusch

Abstract/Description

In his opening remarks to the session “Mountain Festivals: The Representation, Marketing, and Consumption of Mountaineering Cultures,” co-convener Harald Höbusch (U of Kentucky) will provide a brief introduction to the phenomenon of mountain festivals – their history, their most prominent types and manifestations, their scholarly treatment to date, and their potential for future research. The intent is to set the stage for the subsequent exploration of this phenomenon from a variety of perspectives, including, but not limited to, questions of selectivity and diversity, inclusion and exclusion, gender, mainstream vs. counterculture, the regional vs. the national, etc. with an eye to encouraging a fruitful exchange between session participants from around the globe.

ID: 3.11625

From Cinema to Crag – US Climbing Festivals and Environmental Stewardship

Caroline Schaumann

Abstract/Description

Rock climbing is a sport that puts individuals in protected wilderness areas and in physical contact with rock walls and boulders, surrounding forests, meadows, and deserts. It allows for an intimate connection with natural environments and promotes physical and mental well-being. As the popularity of outdoor climbing has risen exponentially (from 500,000 in the late 1990s to 10 million in the US alone), so has its environmental impact, from vegetation loss due to foot traffic and boulder pads to human waste to species extinction to magnesium chalk and bolts changing the appearance and composition of rock surfaces.

In order to examine the potential of mountain festivals to raise awareness and address environmental degradation at the crags, my contribution surveys three festivals held at world-class climbing destinations in the US that promote rock climbing and bouldering clinics as part of their appeal. The Red Rock Rendevous at the Red Rock National Reserve near Las Vegas, once the nation’s largest outdoor climbing festival with over 1,100 participants, closed in 2020, citing rising costs, complaints by locals, and destructive environmental impact. The Flash Foxy festival for women and genderqueer folks works with local businesses and Indigenous tribe councils to acknowledge and extend their caretaking of the land. Finally, the Yosemite Facelift, a slate of events dedicated to the stewardship of Yosemite, seeks to broaden the ethics of clean climbing to cleanups, and prides itself for having removed 1,200,000 pounds of trash.

ID: 3.12765

Mountain Festival in KSL-India: A Reflection of Mountaineering Culture

Tushar Singh
Parashar, Deepanshu; Palni, Sarita; Pandey, Arvind; Singh, Ajit Pratap

Abstract/Description

The Kailash Sacred Landscape (KSL-India), covering an area of 7,120 square kilometers in Uttarakhand, represents a rich tapestry of various human cultures and natural ecosystems, intricately linked to mountaineering traditions. This region, featuring ten prominent hill stations, five major rivers, over 382 glaciers, and numerous sacred sites, acts as a central hub for cultural and spiritual festivities that highlight the profound relationship between local communities and the mountainous terrain. Traditional mountain festivals, including Nanda Devi Raj Jat, Jauljibi Mela, and Losar (Tibetan New Year), embody both the cultural legacy and the resilience of the local populace in adapting to environmental shifts. These celebrations pay tribute to sacred mountains, deities, and natural forces, often characterized by extensive pilgrimages, rituals, and communal gatherings. The essence of mountaineering culture is deeply woven into these events, as high-altitude trekking paths, sacred journeys, and glacial landscapes significantly influence the spiritual and social dynamics of the area. Nevertheless, the effects of climate change on glaciers such as Milam and Panch Chuli present significant challenges to the region’s biodiversity, water resources, and traditional customs. To safeguard both the mountain festivals and the mountaineering culture that are integral to the identity of KSL-India, it is crucial to promote sustainable tourism, conservation initiatives, and the revitalization of traditional ecological knowledge.

ID: 3.12873

Language Difference and its Representation at Mountain Festivals: Translation and Subtitles

Anna Saroldi

Abstract/Description

Translation is one of the great unseen of mountain culture. The climbing and mountaineering community stresses its international flair, but little attention is paid to the language dynamics operating within. This paper provides a first step of the analysis to bring translation practices and language difference to the fore in mountaineering studies. I focus on subtitling in mountain films, as the most accessible form of translation and proof of language diversity for contemporary mountain practitioners and enthusiasts. This paper builds on my expertise in genetic translation studies, surtitling history, and in particular on translation practices in mountaineering literature (Saroldi 2023). I draw on Sven Leuckert’s analysis of mountaineering English and its global variations (2024), Claudia Posch’s work on mountaineering corpora, as well as on audiovisual translation studies and on scholarship on mountain films (Quendler et al.) Their scholarship, however, does not address the practice of translation and the specificities of multilingual interaction in mountaineering landscapes and cultures. In particular, these issues are linked to the larger contextual history of mountaineering expeditions, most notably the role of the British Empire in the Himalayas. For my analysis, I consider data from key mountain festivals around the world, primarily the selection of members of the International Alliance for Mountain Film (IAMF). This allows me to compare data from programmes of festivals around the world (with, in addition to Europe and the Americas, data from festivals held in Nepal, South Korea, and New Zealand). I focus on the short features presented at these events, and on the role of subtitling in them. I will be providing an overall account of the languages featured in the past 25 years (with a larger historical overview for pre-existing festivals), and more specific analysis of the 2024 editions. For each festival, a specific short film will be analysed for qualitative analysis (the in-depth discussion of which will be developed in the resulting paper).