Functioning ecological corridors between protected areas are fundamental for biodiversity. However, the integration of conservation measures in landscapes outside protected areas in the Alpine spatial planning systems is lacking and pressures of human activities are increasing, such as the recent acceleration in the renewable energy development. Therefore, the Interreg Alpine Space “PlanToConnect” project recently has developed a model for a coherent ecological network of protected areas in the Alps and demonstrated how it can be broken down to regional and local scales.
Based on the existing approach of the Continuum Suitability Index and Strategic Alpine Connectivity Areas, a structural ecological network model to connect protected areas and highly natural areas in the Alps was elaborated by a least-cost-path analysis. The model was used in the study region South Tyrol study, and it was cross-checked with a regional GIS model for red deer. First verifications of the linkages were conducted by site visits and tracking snow trails on local level.
Results on macro-level show that 8,1% of highly permeable areas in the EUSALP territory, which are suitable for connectivity conservation, are not protected. 640 out of 953 ecological linkages fulfil criteria for creating a coherent network. The expected upcoming pressure of solar panels fields is affecting 194 linkages, while ten have already been seriously impaired.
For a provincial connectivity concept in South Tyrol, five high priority linkages were derived from the alpine model. One key connection is the area between the nature parks of Fanes – Sennes – Braies and Vedrette di Ries – Aurina. The snow tracking verification shows first signs that the areas is used as passage for wildlife species. To improve and secure the permeability for them, over – or underpass construction would be needed in this area. The designation as wildlife corridor in municipal landscape plans is lacking and would be required for its conservation.
The analysis presented offer tools for planning administrations to facilitate transboundary efforts and enhance ecological networks at both regional and local levels.