Changes in climate patterns and the retreat of tropical glaciers are generating profound transformations in mountain communities in the Peruvian Andes, who depend largely on natural resources for their subsistence. Understanding these dynamics and anticipating how high Andean territories may evolve is essential for local planning and adaptation. This research aims to compare three future scenarios for the year 2050 in the socio-ecological systems of the mountain communities of Cátac (North) and Phinaya (South), against environmental, social, economic and political drivers of change. An integrated approach was employed, combining secondary sources review, participant observation, interviews with local users, a scenario-building workshop with key stakeholders, and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) tools. Our results reveal converging projections in terms of climate vulnerability but diverging impacts of climate change due to variations in geography, economy, and local adaptation strategies. The socio-ecological scenarios, built from the knowledge and perception of local stakeholders together with GIS analysis, provide key information on the dynamics of change and possible futures in high Andean communities for informed decision-making.