Private

FS 3.213

New relations between humans and other than humans in mountain territories

Details

Full Title
FS 3.213: New relations between humans and other than humans in mountain territories
Scheduled
TBA
Location
TBA
Convener
Kirsten Koop
Co-Conveners
Amélie Coulbaut, Clémence Perrin,
Assigned to Synthesis Workshop
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Thematic Focus
Anthropology, Culture, Sustainable Development
Keywords
human-living relations, narratives, imaginaries, changing paradigm

Description

In the context of poly-crisis and the need for deep transition towards sustainability, a rising number of researchers consider that one of the major challenges which capitalist (post)industrial societies are facing is a profound change in their relation to “nature” – thus overcoming the idea of domination, extractivism and/or just admiring its beauty. As mountain regions are already highly affected by changes of the “natural” environment (e.g. melting of glaciers, landslides, droughts, floods, changing ecosystems) they constitute real labs for exploring potential changes in the relationships between humans and other than human. This session proposes to explore narratives, imaginaries and “nature”-based experiences in mountain regions which might indicate a paradigmatic shift. This also means taking into account the sensitive world and how humans can connect with it in mountain territories. We are also interested in communications illustrating how participatory research methods (eventually mobilising mediation processes and sociotechnic disposals, such as fictional texts) can contribute to change and foster links between humans and other than humans, mixing nature-based experiences. This session thus invites presentations of empirical case studies on changing relations with the living or of participatory research projects which are directly aiming to foster changes towards more symbiotic relations.

Submitted Abstracts

ID: 3.8419

The Mountains Travel: Stations of Migrant Territorialities.

Luis Ortiz

Abstract/Description

Mountains have been often places of colonial fracture and capitalist extractivism as well as of refuge and resistance. In times of necropolitics (Mbembe), the relations with them are frequently marked by death and destruction. This artistic research, a Phd-in-Practice project at the Academy of Fine Arts Vienna, looks for ways to ethically re-relating with the mountains and acknowledging their interactions with us, particularly as migrant territories. That is, not as fixed entities but as territories traveling and transforming. The project considers indigenous epistemologies of territory as a place in ontological relation with all related beings and a feeling-thinking understanding of the world. These concepts are expanded through the Aymara ch’ixi positionality, the ambivalent mixture of fractured cultures, according to Silvia Rivera Cusicanqui, that presents how beings are and are not simultaneously. These ideas and the resistance of the mountains’ inhabitants bring possibilities of existence in the apparently empty spaces between the mountains. These spaces represent the (ultimately artificial) fractures of relationalities that the colonialism-capitalism complex produces locally and globally. The methodology develops a weaving in the wind of diverse mountain-beings precisely in those spaces. Through exercises of listening to our silences, the silences of the mountains and strategies of poetical resistance, a chain of relational artworks is created that helps to relate to the mountains. These artworks were created in collaboration with several communitary partners in four different phases (stations) in Germany, Mexico and Colombia, aimed at understanding mountains as traveling the spirals of space-time. This understanding is based upon indigenous epistemologies of time and belonging with the whole world as territory. The project focuses especially on the traveling of the mountains and their related beings along global value chains, a Global South-to-North movement that also corresponds to several migrational movements. In that way, human and nonhuman migration is also considered a form of movement of bodies-territories. Luis Ortiz was a recipient of a DOC Fellowship of the Austrian Academy of Sciences at the Institute of Cultural Studies of the Academy of Fine Arts Vienna.

ID: 3.10822

Indigenous environmental relationality and new cosmopolitical arenas in Andean Argentina

Daniela Salvucci
Boos, Tobias

Abstract/Description

In the past decade, reflections on indigenous theories and practices of relations between humans and other-than-humans have been resonating also beyond sociocultural studies, reaching wider audiences, especially those connected to ecological activism. In the case of the Andean macro region, anthropologists and geographers have focused on indigenous “cosmopraxis” (De Munter 2016) based on ritual reciprocity and forms of “mutual rearing” (Bugallo, Tomasi 2012) between humans and other-than-humans, including plants, animals, meteorological phenomena, and the living entities of the mountain landscape, such as the rivers, the lakes, the holy mountains, and the “Mother Earth” or Pachamama. Drawing on ethnographic data we produced in Laguna Blanca, Northwest Andean Argentina, from the perspective of sociocultural anthropology and geography, we present, first, the practices of the “chaku,” the capture and shearing of wild vicunas, organized by the local artisans of the indigenous community together with the agents of the provincial department of Environment, with the participation of tourists too. Then, we focus on the ceremony of the ritual offering to Pachamama on 1st of August, which is celebrated by the inhabitants at both a familial and a community level, and which has been transformed into a festival open to tourists too in the past decade. In one case, we underline the dynamics of opposition between indigenous and non-indigenous theories and practices of relation between humans and other-than-humans. In the other, we suggest the emergence of an alliance among indigenous communities, social researchers, activists, and even tourists, as a new “cosmopolitical” arena, that includes environmental “Earth Beings” (de la Cadena 2010). This happens in a situation of high conflict due to the new governmental plan for mining development in Laguna Blanca, despite its status as a Biosphere reserve.

ID: 3.11212

Adopting relational approaches to stop fishing in troubled waters: An introduction of Baptiste Morizot’s theories to reconsider human-nature embeddedness in management and organization studies

Vincent Vindevoghel

Abstract/Description

Noting pressing calls in management and organization studies (MOS) to overcome nature-culture dichotomy and adopt relational approaches, we introduce in this paper the theories of Baptiste Morizot to investigate interdependencies and relations between humans and non-humans. To illustrate this approach and concepts, we realized an ethnography in Arsine, a small town in the French Alps attached to an international ski resort. During the 90 days spent in the territory between 2022 and 2024, we focused on the relations and interdependencies between humans and non-humans around water. The results emphasize (1) the omnipresence of water in the territory, in many different forms and with multiple relations with humans and non-humans, (2) the myriad of interdependencies existing around water, and (3) the practices and relations threatening or reinforcing these interdependencies. This study addresses the call to investigate relational approaches and human-nature embeddedness in MOS. It contributes to the theory by providing interesting tools to study relations and interdependencies between humans and non-humans. In addition, this study has methodological contributions with the introduction of the “diplomacy of interdependencies” proposed by Morizot as a new method to realize ethnographies in MOS. Finally, this study also has practical contributions with a map of the interdependencies in the territory that can inform strategies and policies to support them.

ID: 3.11418

Reimagining forest governance in mountain territories. Georelationality foster socio-ecological connectivity.

Sindy Baron-Blanco
Marage, Damien

Abstract/Description

The socio-ecological crisis has prompted us to re-examine the models of society upon which our priorities, actions, and interactions with other-than-humans are based (Aubert & Botta, 2022). Pascual et al. (2023) highlight a contemporary “value crisis” underlying the interconnected challenges of biodiversity loss and climate change. In this context, the complex relationship between humans and forests in mountainous regions provides an opportunity to rethink governance in socio-ecological systems. This presentation explores how relationality can offer a transformative change to reimagining forest governance in mountain territories, where diverse socio-ecological challenges converge. We explore forest socio-ecological systems in mountain areas, highlighting interdependencies that go beyond simple resource extraction or economic transactions, and reflecting deep interdependencies through emotional, cultural, and spiritual connections. We focus on the French Jura and Romanian Carpathians, where these high-altitude forest landscapes, renowned for their rare and valuable lutherie wood, encounter challenges from illegal logging, deforestation, and the increasing demand for renewable raw materials. Our goal, through our modelling approach, is to integrate ecological and social connectivity using a mixed-methods approach. This approach captures the spatial and holistic dimensions inherent in the relationships enacted within these mountainous forest systems. By analysing interactions and interdependencies among these diverse social and ecological configurations, we aim to illustrate the complex relationships of use, subsistence, and governance. This highlights the need for participatory approaches that rethink territorial solidarity and foster coexistence and mutual well-being among all entities involved, both humans and other-than-humans (Marage & Jégou, 2022). Therefore, our research contributes to the understanding of relationality in forest governance while addressing the broader need to embrace relationality to tackle contemporary environmental challenges. According to Foggin et al. (2021), we advocate for moving beyond traditional, technocratic governance models toward relationally oriented frameworks that recognise the ethical and cultural dimensions of our interactions with other-than-humans.

ID: 3.11555

(Re)Discovering Young People’s Visual Perceptions of Alpine Environments

Johanna Trummer
Weinberg, Lucas; Keller, Lars

Abstract/Description

In mountain areas, the consequences of anthropogenic climate change have a severe impact on the well-being of the natural environments, the underlying ecosystem services, and the local population’s secure existence. These environmental and socio-economic uncertainties contribute to emigration, leading to an increasing number of young people growing up disconnected from mountain areas. Researchers describe this phenomenon as an “extinction of experience,” as reduced human-nature interaction alters young people’s perceptions and relationships with natural environments. However, the broader societal dependence on these sparsely populated, natural environments in mountain areas is often underestimated, as not only the local population relies on the resources provided. Therefore, it is essential to investigate young people’s current perceptions of Alpine environments, as well as their individual’s perspectives and experiences to foster sustainability, environmental awareness and recover their human-nature relations for mountain areas. This study investigates young people’s visual perception of Alpine environments by performing visitor-employed photography walks with young people in the Gaisberg Valley in Tyrol, Austria. The research area features a high Alpine, climate change impacted landscape. The 450 collected photographs are analyzed by using qualitative content analysis. This approach supports to identify frequently perceived and key landscape features, as well as nature-based experiences documented by young people in mountain areas. Therefore, this contribution aims to better comprehend current human-nature relations with the aim to facilitate the restrengthening of young people’s human-nature relationships and their awareness for Alpine environments.

ID: 3.11835

Absence, longing and becoming of the mountain, becoming of the world

Maria Kernecker
Haider, L. Jamila

Abstract/Description

The mountains that are and always will be. The mountains that are always becoming different. The speed of that differentiation is influenced by what people do and do not do on these mountains. Meadows being swallowed by forest. Forest being swallowed by bark beetle. What people do and do not do in faraway places seem to have no bearing on the glaciers retreating, the swelling of the lakes. Mountain landscapes have always forced humans to extract the quintessence of survival, to feel the extreme of being human and sharing life, sharing spaces with the more-than-human. Abundant work is being done to understand how landscape and place play a critical role in earth-system stewardship even (or especially) in a hyper-connected world, characterized by dispossession, disconnection, injustice, and struggle. We suggest that much of these issues are exacerbated through binaries of here/there, place-based/global, science/practice. Here, we explore how participatory research methods—specifically mutually inspiring auto-ethnographic fictional writing—can foster deeper connections between humans and other-than-humans by embracing in-between spaces/liminality and thereby moving away from dichotomous thinking by blending nature-based experiences with creative collaboration. Through our duoethnographic study, I/we reflect on our transformative relationships with mountain spaces and co-create stories that intertwine reality with imagination. Maria’s “mountain ghosts” and Jamila’s becoming with the mythical “Palfner Nixe” (of an alpine lake) illustrate how creative texts enable us to explore the fluid, interconnected nature of our relationship with mountain landscapes. By writing together, we dissolve boundaries between personal experience and the larger, living landscape, allowing the mountain to become an active participant in our process of discovering longing and belonging. Our writing facilitates a deeper empathy for the mountain world, where human and more-than-human are intertwined and constantly becoming through more-than-physical paths. Through this approach, we challenge traditional research paradigms that compartmentalize humans and nature, demonstrating how creative duoethnography can embrace more holistic, evolving relationships with the world. By actively participating with the landscape through creative, co-authored narratives, we experience meaningful change in how we understand and care for the world around us.

ID: 3.11925

Diasporas and multispecific commons. How to stay rooted (comparative analysis Switzerland-Morocco)

David Goeury

Abstract/Description

Mountain regions have preserved a large number of commons managed by collective organisations known as bourgeoisies in Switzerland and jemaa in Morocco. These commons (pastures, forests, irrigation networks, mills) were essential to the survival of the group and enabled communities to manage complex resources that were subject to seasonal and inter-annual hazards depending on climatic fluctuations. Today, they are being reinvented in a context of diaspora around emblematic animals and plants. Since the second half of the 20th century, in many mountain communities, farming has become financially secondary to other economic opportunities. The majority of those with rights to common land now have professional activities in major cities, sometimes several hundred or even thousands of kilometres away from their original territory. However, land commonholdings have not systematically disappeared, as they embody a deep-rooted link with the land. In the Val d’Anniviers in Switzerland, for example, the collective cowsheds set up in the 1960s enable entitled farmers to keep a few cows and take part in the alpine pasture and queen competitions. In this way, they support the last ‘real farmers’. In Morocco, in the Anti-Atlas, those with rights who have settled in the major Moroccan and European cities are involved in the collective planting of fruit trees (argan trees, olive trees, almond trees). They include new joint public projects run by ministries and development agencies for the benefit of local women’s cooperatives producing local produce. Comparative analysis allows us to rethink the human-non-human relationship that is at play in mountain areas around common goods. Thanks to these new multi-species commons, diaspora right-holders maintain a strong link with their homeland. The animals and plants allow them to remain rooted despite their distance, and also to remain a player in local territorial development according to principles linking solidarity, development and preservation of the environment.

ID: 3.11933

Skiing-with Snow – Exploring Proximate Ethnographies

Monica Nadegger
Rantala, Outi; Varley, Peter

Abstract/Description

Skiing is a traditional way of moving across and on snow and is central to winter tourism industries across Northern, Arctic, and Alpine contexts: cross country skiing, downhill skiing, ski touring, ski mountaineering, and fell skiing are just a few examples of tourist activities in the snowy landscapes. However, climate change and lessened snow threaten these landscapes and the ski business. These drastic climate-related changes in the winter tourism industry and the interrelated questions on its sustainability have attracted significant academic attention. For example, quantitative approaches estimate the decline of potential ‘optimal ski days’, the snow security of specific regions and their link to technical snowmaking, their economic viability related to demographic change, as well as the energy use and emission intensity of ski tourism .

So far, current methodologies stay at an analytical distance from the practice of skiing itself and are less apt to explore the place-based, relational, and entangled ways of ‘being’ and ‘doing’ winter tourism that skiing fosters and disrupts. They are built on an anthropocentric worldview (i.e., nature as a valuable resource only in relations with humans and profits) rather than an ecocentric understanding (i.e., an interdependent, entangled world of all human and other-than-human organisms) of the value of snow landscape and entanglements with them.

In this paper, we propose skiing-with as a methodological exploration of being proximate with snowy landscapes and the crisis they face. By building on the tradition of walking-with methods, we explore how skiing-with as a proximate ethnographic methodology helps us to think with the current challenges around sustainability from an onto-epistemological point of view, where the core is to open oneself up to relationality – that is, the entanglement of both human and non-human actors. By doing this, we illustrate a feminist and posthuman application of ethnographic methodology for thinking about sustainability in tourism research.

ID: 3.12103

Mountain Galliformes Disappearance: Ecological Challenges and Human Attachments

Laine Chanteloup
Souquet, Antoine

Abstract/Description

In the context of global change, species extinction has become a significant issue, particularly for mountain Galliformes. These birds include the black grouse (Tetrao tetrix), the snow partridge (Lagopus muta), the rock partridge (Alectoris graeca saxatilis), and the hazel grouse (Bonasa bonasia). In recent decades, populations of these birds have seen a marked decline in the Alps. Classified as “near threatened” by the IUCN, they are experiencing a reduction in their habitats due to the combined effects of global warming, pastoral abandonment, and tourism development (Sommier et al., 2006; Novoa et al., 2014; Revermann et al., 2012). The gradual decline of hunting for these species, though a controversial topic, raises concerns about the loss of local knowledge and conservation efforts for these birds (Andrist et al., 2022; Piachaud, 2020). Naturalists are also rallying around these emblematic species to ensure that conservation actions are implemented. This presentation will explore the causes of their decline, the associated conflicts in land use, and the various ways people are connected to these birds.

ID: 3.12289

What pastoralism and bears share: When humans and animals shape landscapes of coexistence

Alice Ouvrier
Culos, Manon; Vimal, Ruppert

Abstract/Description

In the context of a global ecological crisis, the return of large carnivores in Europe calls for an urgent reconsideration of how we coexist with the rest of the living world. This presentation, based on a recently defended PhD thesis, explores interactions between pastoralism and brown bears in the French Pyrenees, examining how geographies of coexistence take shape. Focusing on three summer pastures— summer mountain grazing lands deeply shaped by human presence—this micro-local study investigates the role of bears, which reappeared in the 2000s after a long absence, in reshaping coexistence landscapes. To make both humans and non-humans visible, the research adopts an interdisciplinary, more-than-human, and multi-source methodology, combining camera traps, social surveys (interviews and observations), and institutional data analysis. These diverse materials reveal distinct trajectories of coexistence in the studied pastures. Since the bears’ return, human and non-human individuals have been encountering, adjusting, and intermingling, adapting within specific space-time contexts. Beyond a generic coexistence between bears and pastoralism, it is about the shared lives of Caramelles the bear and her cubs, Louis the shepherd, Eliane the livestock owner, Roca the guard dog, etc.—where all co-write multispecies stories in their summer pasture. This presentation showcases these findings through an illustrated collection of stories documenting encounters between pastoralist communities and bears, offering an intimate, lived perspective on coexistence. It also examines how human-bear relations differ from those with other wildlife already present in the mountains, as the bear then appears as an unpredictable and untouchable animal. Mountain pastures, as patches of multispecies entanglements, offer a compelling lens to rethink human connections with the living world beyond opposition and conflict. By highlighting the agency of bears in transforming anthropized landscapes into coexistence landscapes, this study thus sheds light on the place given to wildness in our society, as well as the need to approach coexistence as a patchy concept. More practically, it underscores the need to adapt conservation and conflict management strategies to the diversity of these shared places and the ways animals actively shape them.

ID: 3.12416

Recreational Activities in the Mountains, Encounters with Wildlife, and Connection to Nature

Clémence Perrin-Malterre

Abstract/Description

The use of natural areas has intensified and diversified, particularly since the health crisis and the rise in summer temperatures. This increase in visitor numbers has consequences for wildlife. In addition to habitat fragmentation, human activity in the mountains forces animals to alter their behavior or habitats: humans, whether they pose a real threat (hunters) or not (hikers), create a “landscape of fear” with potentially significant demographic consequences, due to the continuous and frequent nature of recreational activities. Many initiatives to preserve ecosystems and biodiversity have emerged to mitigate the negative impacts of humans on nature, such as establishing protective statuses that impose usage restrictions on practitioners. However, human behavior does not always comply with regulations, which can undermine biodiversity preservation policies and actions. It is therefore crucial to better understand the diversity of values, attitudes, opinions, and motivations that drive the variety of behaviors observed in nature and interactions with wildlife. This requires studying the influence of knowledge on one hand, and personal factors on the other. Research shows that experiences in nature contribute to shaping our personal trajectory in terms of our relationship with nature. However, the impact of past nature experiences is still largely overlooked in studies on the internal and external factors explaining behaviors towards wildlife and regulations in protected areas.
Our interdisciplinary research project involving sociology, geography, psychology and ecology, focusing on human-animal-nature relations in the mountains. It is taking place in two peri-urban mountain massifs (Bauges and Belledonne) that are facing increasing and diversifying practices. Based on questionnaire survey, we compare responses between protected areas and activities practiced, focusing on:
– characterization of users and their practices,
– the perception of wild animals and of the disturbance caused by one’s own practice,
– the degree of knowledge and acceptance of regulations specific to the different protection statuses.
In this presentation, we will share the initial findings of this survey, particularly those related to the impact of childhood nature experiences, the relationships that practitioners have with wild animals, the role of encounters with animals in their connection to nature, and their willingness to preserve it.

ID: 3.13065

The tribal social organization pattern in High Land of Albania

Eltjana Shkreli

Abstract/Description

Nikc, an upland settlement in the Cem Valley of High Albania, is one of the last regions in Europe where the tribal system remained intact until the rise of communism in 1944, which transformed the community’s traditional lifestyle. The Kelmend tribe, deeply rooted in this region’s isolation, developed a unique cultural identity based on livestock breeding and, to a lesser extent, farming. The tribe’s social structure was reflected in its hamlets, which were organized around family units within broader kinship networks. These settlements served as both physical spaces and social structures, with the extended family or “brotherhood” central to resource management, decision-making, and the preservation of cultural practices. The design of the hamlets, with self-sufficient homes and agricultural spaces, was influenced by the harsh natural environment and the tribe’s dependence on ecological stewardship passed down through generations. This research explores the relationship between the Kelmend tribe’s lifestyle and its settlements, utilizing building archaeology and oral histories to investigate the evolution of settlement patterns and cultural traditions. The study emphasizes the symbiotic connection between the people, their land, and their resources, offering insights into how these remote hamlets both sustained and reflected the tribe’s cultural identity over time.

ID: 3.13077

Stories, experiences and videos to raise awareness in mountain areas

Amélie Coulbaut-Lazzarini
Paillet, Yoan; Foray, Alexandre; Bournazel, Célia

Abstract/Description

Our project aims to explore the creation and integration of a video at the heart of the research protocol and to test its effects in terms of raising public awareness of other species living in mid-mountain areas in the French Alps, more precisely in Bauges and Belledonne. The use of moving pictures of animal and plant species will enable us to study the impact of exposing elements of the natural environment on people’s ability to perceive this environment during a mid-mountain excursion. This project aims to be a mediation support for a wide range of audiences. Our methodology is based on the creation of a video and its integration into a qualitative survey. The video is used on a piecemeal basis, directly on-site, with the people interviewed, in order to feed into the qualitative survey aimed at analysing the relationship with the living non-humans presented in the video and the links with people’s actual experiences. These socio-technic disposals will enable everyone to immerse themselves in this scientific and artistic adventure, to bear witness to rich and singular experiences, hoping in this way to provoke an invitation to transition in favour of the balance of living beings.

ID: 3.13416

“The Glacier Knows.” Lived Experiences and Attachments with Mountain Entities in the Alps, beyond Loss and Death

Jean Chamel

Abstract/Description

As a result of global warming, glacier retreat is accelerating, and rock collapses are increasing in high Alpine mountains. This transformation disrupts the landscapes, altering how the mountains are perceived and navigated. People, such as glaciologists, mountain guides, crystal hunters or altitude workers, who have in common a deep knowledge of, and a sensitive and affective relationship with the mountains of the Mont Blanc range and the Valais Alps, express feelings of loss and sadness. Sometimes it is intensified by attachments developed with specific places or beings, through forms of personification and animation that can be related to animism. This contribution will present and analyse their deep and embodied experiences of loss of landscapes, entities and practices, as well as of human lives, but also how they live on the edge, experiencing the simple fact of staying alive, in a mindset that some describe as “being animal.” The ethnographic account of such entanglements can help to think the future of ways of relating with high mountains, and feed the more general debate on how to overcome the modernist divide between societies and their more-than-human environment. Finally, this contribution will also briefly reflect on how participatory research gatherings (with the informal collective glaciers ardents) as well as collaborations with artists through comics, documentary essay, performance and poetry can nurture the research and help disseminate its findings.

ID: 3.13505

A vanishing human-wildlife relationship in the Eastern Carpathians, Romania

Dániel Babai
Ulicsni, Viktor; Nagy, Zsolt

Abstract/Description

Diverse relationship and connectedness between human communities and wild animals in cultural landscapes changed significantly in Europe, especially after World War II. Simplification of the interactions between local farmers and wild animals has been a general phenomenon, affecting the perception of and attitude toward wild animal species. Ethnozoological research is designed to investigate changes in these relationships globally. We studied a rural community in Gyimes, Eastern Carpathians, Romania. The community’s livelihood is based on extensive farming and grassland management in a High Nature Value cultural landscape characterized by species-rich mountain hay meadows and a secondary, but very diverse mountain fauna. The community, called Csángó (Ceangăi), also preserved many archaic cultural features. Our study aimed to document the vanishing traditional ecological knowledge of and changing attitudes toward wild animals, both invertebrates and vertebrate species. We conducted 41 free-listing and 102 semi-structured interviews with 76 participants, and we have placed great emphasis on participatory observation, being in the landscape with the locals to experience the manifestations of the relationship between humans and wild animals. We documented the traditional ecological knowledge of 129 invertebrate and 109 vertebrate folk taxa. Local farmers had a diverse relationship with wild animals, characterized by all shades of attitude from extreme negative to extreme positive, defined mainly by cultural and economic drivers. However, this diversity is changing significantly. We found that the generation born between the 1920s and 1930s was the last to preserve a more or less complete triangle of ecological knowledge, beliefs, and attitudes related to wild animals. The different uses of invertebrates and vertebrates in veterinary and human medicine, weather prediction, or different beliefs related to especially amphibians and reptiles are disappearing. Meanwhile, television and educational films are the main mediums for communicating new knowledge, shaping the human-wildlife relationship. We documented a profoundly changing relationship with and attitude toward wild animals in a typical rural community in East-Central Europe. The simplification of the relationship has many far-reaching consequences for the everyday life of the community and nature conservation as well.

FS 3.212: Tourism in mountain protected areas: challenge or opportunity for sustainability and inclusion?

FS 3.214: Global change and shifts in native and non-native species distributions in mountain ecosystems

#IMC: September 14 - 18 2025

FS 3.213

New relations between humans and other than humans in mountain territories

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