Private

FS 3.187

Digital transition of outdoor sports and tourism in moutain area

Details

  • Full Title

    FS 3.187: Digital transition of outdoor sports and tourism in moutain area : transformation of practices in recreational activities, research and management
  • Scheduled

    TBA
  • Location

    TBA
  • Convener

  • Assigned to Synthesis Workshop

    ---
  • Thematic Focus

    Adaptation, Culture, Policy, Socio-Ecology, Tourism
  • Keywords

    digital transition, outdoor sports, management, tourism

Description

As our societies enter the digital age, the daily lives of residents, decision-makers and socio-economic stakeholders are being transformed. Digital tools, and the data produced by their use, accompany us in many of our activities. Since the 2000s, research has studied the effects of the growing power of digital technology in transforming our lifestyles (travel and mobility, media and communication, production and consumption patterns or leisure). This digitalisation also concerns outdoor sports practices, and associated tourism, in mountain areas. It facilitates the dissemination of information both to prepare an outing (where, conditions and accessibility) and to help with the practice live (guiding and securing). In parallel, mountains are at the forefront of areas targeted by outdoor sports, questioning the impacts of such practices on the sensitive and rare natural environments of high mountains. Inadequate behaviors or a growing anthropic pressure might threaten these fragile ecosystems, while the rising visitor number might support tourism diversification and draw transitional perspectives.

The aim of this session is therefore to discuss two main issues.

  1. Firstly, it will discuss the transformations linked to digital technology in mountain recreational uses and practices, and document the social, cultural, energy, legal, and regulatory issues involved (concentration on specific sites, promotion on social networks, buzz, etc.).
  2. Secondly, it will welcome work on the integration of these uses and the data they produce (specifically digital footprints) in academic work and in mountain area management models (to which point? and in which way?).

Submitted Abstracts

ID: 3.9153

Bike, ski and data. How data is changing outdoor sports and nature. A essential tool for sustainable development in outdoor sports.

Sebastian Sarx

Abstract/Description

Digital data has fundamentally changed the way we engage with nature. From planning and navigation to sharing experiences, digital tools shape how we explore the outdoors. While this data enhances accessibility and simplicity, it also presents challenges for the environment and safety. The way we collect, share, and use information about trails, routes, and activities can significantly impact nature conservation efforts. But where does this data come from, and how can it be used responsibly? Many outdoor platforms, such as Komoot, Strava, AllTrails, and Outdooractive, rely on community-generated data to map trails and recommend routes. A major source of this geographic information is OpenStreetMap (OSM), a freely accessible, collaborative mapping project. While these tools provide valuable insights for outdoor enthusiasts, they also raise concerns about sensitive ecosystems. Unregulated data sharing can lead to an increased human footprint in protected areas, putting wildlife and fragile habitats at risk. This is where initiatives like Digitize the Planet come in. By structuring and managing digital data responsibly, they ensure that outdoor recreation aligns with conservation goals. Through standardized data formats, partnerships with outdoor platforms, and education on responsible mapping, they help bridge the gap between digital accessibility and environmental protection. In this talk, we will explore the flow of outdoor data, its impact on nature, and how digital tools can be leveraged for sustainability. We will discuss current challenges, such as the growing demand for outdoor experiences and the risk of “over-tourism” in natural areas. At the same time, we will highlight opportunities to use data in a way that benefits both people and the environment. By understanding and managing digital information more effectively, we can contribute to a future where outdoor sports and nature conservation go hand in hand.

ID: 3.11955

Significance and limits of VGI in the study and understanding of the logics of visits of natural areas: Strava and Outdoorvision data on Grenoble Alpes Métropole and the Drôme department (France)

Robin Lesné
Rohaut, Julien; François, Hugues; Langenbach, Marc; Mao, Pascal; Robinet, Nicolas

Abstract/Description

This paper reports on studies (2023-2025) using VGI data of outdoor sports from Strava, a private platform, and Outdoorvision, a French Ministry of Sports platform aggregating data from multiple platforms. We studied nine natural areas in the Drôme department and the Grenoble Alpes Métropole area (France). Although platforms have built-in protocols for removing outliers, they still retain inconsistent records. Then, we address the technical and methodological issues involved in data acquisition, processing, and cleaning. The socio-demographic analysis reveals trends concerning the age and gender of the people who practice outdoor sports producing VGI. Highlighting that certain profiles are more represented in terms of number of people than in terms of intensity of use, we show the methodological interest of distinguishing between user accounts and the distances covered by each user. The temporal analysis reveals an overall seasonal pattern. More precisely, we distinguish between rural natural areas, where activities tend to be spread out over the day, and peri-urban natural areas, where activities take place much more evenly throughout the year, but are concentrated on everyday leisure activities temporalities. The spatial diffusion analysis of visits shows that peri-urban natural areas have higher visitor densities than rural natural areas, but with less concentration of flows, varying much more according to the type of day. The last analysis aims to establish (non-)relationships between meteorological patterns and visits. In peri-urban natural areas, it seems that there is no relation. As for rural natural areas, temperatures seem positively correlated. This result is logical considering the seasonal nature of outdoor sports, but this correlation is stronger on weekend days, which indicates an effect of temperature beyond that of seasonality. Finally, we relativize our results considering the representativeness of our data. Comparing Strava and Outdoorvision data with local eco-counters, we show that VGI of outdoor sports represents a small proportion of practices and that this representativeness is quite variable from one place and time to another. Technical constraints and the varying propensities to use connected tools during practice could explain it, without it being possible to measure the effect of each of these two logics.

ID: 3.12716

Digital infrastructure and grassroots transformation in mountain urbanization: the case of Chongli, China’s Olympic mountain city

Mengke Zhang

Abstract/Description

This research explores the growing importance of digital infrastructure as a hybrid complex where physical and virtual spaces intersect, profoundly reshaping mountain urbanization in an increasingly digitized era. As part of my PhD project, the research focuses on the transformation of Chongli, China’s first Olympic mountain city co-hosting the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics. Through seven months of field research conducted between 2021 and 2024, I observed how digital platforms have become deeply embedded in local economies and social structures. A particularly compelling aspect is the role of grassroots communities and residents who, empowered by digital technologies, actively participate in and shape emerging mountain economies. This is evident in the proliferation of informal businesses offering ski- and tourism-related services—ranging from ski equipment rentals and apartment accommodations to ski instruction and adventure photography—facilitated by platforms such as Xiaohongshu (Little Red Book), Douyin (Chinese version of TikTok), and Huabei (China’s top ski service app). A striking example is the rise of Chongli’s estimated 3,000 independent ski instructors, often referred to as “black instructors” by ski resorts, which perceive them as unauthorized competitors. Many of these instructors, initially trained within resorts, have transitioned to independent work, leveraging digital platforms to attract a steady stream of clients and significantly increasing their earnings compared to traditional employment. This dynamic has, in turn, intensified the informal labor market while reshaping labor relations between ski resorts and local workers. By examining the intersection of digital platforms and mountain urbanization, this research highlights that digital technologies are not merely tools for economic exchange but have become integral to Chongli’s infrastructure. They are profoundly reshaping social connections in the mountains and providing new possibilities for “differential urbanization” in Chongli, which moves away from the homogeneity often seen in urbanization processes.

ID: 3.13004

Uncovering Risk Perception in Avalanche Terrain: A Semantic Analysis of User-Generated Ski Tour Reports

Leonie Schäfer
Purves, Ross Stuart; Techel, Frank

Abstract/Description

Winter sport activities taking place in unsecured mountainous terrain have gained in popularity in recent decades, but accident statistics show that these activities come with inherent dangers. Backcountry skiers in particular – who travel on unsecured slopes – voluntarily expose themselves to the risk of serious injury or death if they are caught by an avalanche. On average, 23 people die in avalanches each winter in Switzerland, and most victims trigger the avalanche themselves, highlighting the critical role of human factors in avalanche accidents. While literature shows the importance of heuristic-based decision-making in uncertain situations, it can lead to unconscious biases and systematic errors. These biases and errors are believed to be complicit in avalanche accidents, yet they are difficult to quantify or measure. We know remarkably little about the decision-making of those who are not involved in accidents. Spatially explicit user-generated content is a popular data source for studying humans in nature. Typical analysis of such data concentrates on the use of only two dimensions – space and time – exploring where and when backcountry skiers are in avalanche terrain. However, these data often also contain rich semantic data – for example in the form of textual descriptions of tours – offering valuable insights into perceptions of nature and the environment. Previous studies have shown that accident frequency varies significantly across time and space but does not always align with the baseline usage frequency. This suggests that decision making heuristics, which are shaped by perception of the current conditions and the environment, may be more or less robust according to the changing nature of avalanche problems. Understanding conditions under which decision-making heuristics are less robust therefore holds the potential to better understand behaviour in avalanche terrain and eventually mitigate avalanche accidents. Using a geo-referenced text corpus of more than 28’000 ski tour reports written by backcountry skiers since 2013 and published on a Swiss mountaineering website, we demonstrate how semantic user-generated content can be leveraged to study perception of risk and the environment in uncertain and risky conditions – and how these perceptions relate to avalanche hazard and accidents.

ID: 3.13147

Intersecting outdoor-app mobility data, automatic counters and field observations for visitor monitoring – case study of the Nordkette, Innsbruck, Austria

Karolina Taczanowska
Trap, Simon; Fornwagner, Helena; Balafoutas, Loukas; Messner, David; Eggert, Charlotte

Abstract/Description

In the contemporary era of digital society, the domain of outdoor recreation and tourism is undergoing significant transformation. With the rapid advancement of technology, such as mobile applications and geolocation services, the ways in which individuals engage with outdoor activities and travel experiences are evolving rapidly. Visitors’ digital traces can be used for visitor monitoring and support evidence-based management and planning decissions. The aim of this work is to validate outdoor-app data (STRAVA) against field measurements (Eco-Counter) and observations. Our study is based upon empirical data collected in the Nordkette region, Innsbruck, Austria between Nov 2023 – December 2024. High correlation between STRAVA data and field measurements was confirmed in case of cycling (MTB) and walking / running activities. However, more digital traces of bikers in comparison to hikers / joggers were avaliable at STRAVA Metro plattform. To conclude, visitor monitoring and management in the digital society era require a paradigm shift. This entails a comprehensive grasp and openness towards the potential benefits, while also being aware of the limitations inherent in digitalization processes. Validation studies and desclosing potential biases in digital datasets are highly relevant to support informed decission making within outdoor recreation and tourism domain.

ID: 3.13929

The use of mobile applications in mountain spas in Europe

Paweł Stelmach

Abstract/Description

Digitalization also affects outdoor sports practices and related tourism in mountain areas. Visitor relationship channels are an element of destination business models, which also applies to mountain spas. Effective visitor management requires reaching guests with the right information at the right time through the channels they already use (Schwietering et al., 2024). Digital media allow destination managers to develop and implement new methods of digital visitor management (Mangold et al., 2024). There is a need for managers to have access to accurate and up-to-date recreation data on a scale corresponding to the growing scope of recreational areas (Capdevila et al., 2024). Digital information carriers, such as external platforms (often referred to as external applications), offer direct communication and interaction with visitors to natural areas (Schwietering et al., 2024). Taking the above into account, the aim of the work was to identify the scope of use of mobile applications in mountain spa destinations in Europe. The research question was posed: what is the scope of use of mobile applications in mountain spa destinations in Europe? The method is based on: analysis of scientific literature on the subject supplemented with Internet sources, multiple case study and comparative analysis of mobile applications of 121 European mountain spa destinations from 17 countries and 10 most popular mobile applications that are tools for planning and navigation during outdoor activities, conducted on the basis of data from the Google Play platform. The identified differentiation in the use of mobile applications of European mountain spa destinations measured by the number of their downloads allows to distinguish significant and insignificant applications, both popular from the national scale (at the level of thousands of downloads) to the international level (at the level of millions of downloads). The variation in the popularity of mobile applications used by visitors to European mountain spa destinations provides information on the quality of data from these applications and should therefore be the basis for the justification of orders for destinations’ own applications and for outsourcing data from universal applications used for outdoor activities in mountain areas by destination managers.