Swiss Alpine Museum (ALPS) Archives, Collection Eleonor Stücker

FS 3.138

Mountain Echoes beyond Boundaries

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Details

  • Full Title

    FS 3.138: Mountain Echoes Beyond Boundaries: Writing, Stories, and Archives in Transnational Mountain History Research
  • Scheduled

    TBA
  • Location

    TBA
  • Assigned to Synthesis Workshop

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  • Thematic Focus

    Anthropology, Culture, Equality, Gender, History, Tourism
  • Keywords

    History, Mountaineering, Transnational, Canada, Switzerland

Description

This panel will focus on multiple and varied topics in mountain history across boundaries of class, gender, region, and nation. From exploring women in mountain film festivals to women’s Olympic ski jumpers, ski resort growth in the Rockies, mountain travel writing, and the history of mountain landscapes these new topics in mountain history research move across boundaries of class, gender, region, and nation. We propose to convene approximately four to six presentations followed by a commentator and a panel discussion. Mountain voices echo in art, mountaineering and skiing from the Alps to the Rockies in transnational, globalized, and cross-cultural perspectives. We are looking forward to a conversation about our current research in progress, hoping to open ideas, writing, and archival finds on how we read mountain voices and their transnational echoes. This panel is a joint collaboration between two research groups at the University of Fribourg (Switzerland) and the University of Alberta (Canada).

Submitted Abstracts

ID: 3.5096

The Alpine writing of Stephen Watson: A mountain geography appreciation.

Gavin Heath

Abstract/Description

This study is focused on the Alpine poetry and prose of the Stephen Watson, a noted (and unfortunately deceased) South African poet. Watson’s poetry on the Alps encompasses one long poem, and excerpts of three other poems. His prose on the Alps includes excerpts from two books. His work on the Alps has been published over five decades between 1982 and 2024. The poet provides an original and highly descriptive view of the Alps, nothwithstanding the facts that he was a newcomer to the range and that he was not a trained geographer. The methodology involved an analysis of the mountain geography of the writing using map interpretation and common themes in mountain geography. A theorist on spatial abilities will also be employed. I was particularly interested in the writing as it related to alpine meteorology and bioclimatology. The findings show that the poet’s work reflects a deep understanding and iconic description of the mountain geography of the Alps, both in terms of consciousness and observation.

ID: 3.9060

Gender Roles in the Construction of Aspen

Maurizio Raselli

Abstract/Description

History remembers how a handful of men started turning the mining town of Aspen into the international modern-day ski resort highly oriented towards tourism. Yet, to remember them is to remember only partially, because many other people contributed the success of this enterprise. Important to my work, is that different groups of people tended to play different roles; in this sense, men and women both contributed, but with the tendency of occupying other positions. During this presentation we will have a deeper look into this topic trying to find out who did what and what kind of visibility each role became. In other words, we will try to understand the social dynamics that contributed to the development of the town. Secondly, we will try to have a quick look at certain elements that may help explaining why the division of roles was such and not otherwise. This will serve the purpose to better understand how Aspen transitioned from being a small rather isolated town, into being an international touristic hub.

ID: 3.9442

The International Festival of Mountaineering Literature 1987-2008, UK

Terry Gifford

Abstract/Description

For 21 years I was the founder Director of this annual one-day festival at Bretton Hall Campus of the University of Leeds. It was not a mountain festival, but one focussed upon climbing culture as represented in all forms of writing. From the beginning it featured new books and commissioned new writing, always including women writers (Janet Adam Smith, Alison Hargreaves and Alison Osius, Senior Editor at Climbing), poetry, music and songs, and unpublished writers (including a 14yr old poet). The cultural diversity of modes of representation of mountaineering encouraged debate and controversy. The day was curated as a long conversation with audience participation a key feature, with notable regular attendees who were publishers and writers offering experience and opinions. A writing competition was launched each year by High Magazine with the winner announced at the festival and published in High. We also featured the Boardman Tasker Award winner each year and the Chair of judges offering their adjudication address for discussion. Despite the international stars who talked about their writings like Chris Bonington, Doug Scott, Kurt Diemberger, Arlene Blum, Walter Bonatti, Allen Steck, Steph Davis, and Harish Kapadia, the show was often been stolen by the old-timers like Tom Weir from Scotland or Charlie Houston and Bob Bates from the USA, or by unexpected discoveries such as the Irish storyteller Dermot Somers and witty Hodder and Stoughton editor Maggie Body. The audience never exceeded 250 (for Catherine Destivelle), but it was reported in High and the Alpine Journal, so the interest it generated in mountaineering literature in the UK went beyond the event itself. The festival can be theorised in the context of the history and trends in climbing writing in the UK as progressive and expansionist as against the rather staid, guarded and repressive tradition in pre- and post-war British mountaineering literature that I critiqued in Chapter 11 of my book Reconnecting With John Muir titled ‘Towards a Post-Pastoral Mountaineering Literature’ (University of Georgia Press, 2006).

ID: 3.10022

The role of women in mountain films and film festivals: from the Alps to the Canadian Rockies

Lucia Leoni

Abstract/Description

The first recognized mountain film festival was held in Trento, Italy, in 1952. Soon after a number of film festivals in this genre began to appear, first in Europe, then in North America and finally worldwide. For this panel, the first Swiss and Canadian festivals will be considered: the Diablerets International Alpine Film Festival (1969) and the Banff Mountain Film Festival (1976). These events became annual landmarks for mountaineers, filmmakers, tourists, nature lovers, and advertisers. At these festivals, organizers selected films for screening, and juries adjudicated film awards and prizes. Much as these films showed the exploits of the mountaineering world, they also helped create the cultural image of the ideal mountaineer who was seen through the camera lens. The image of the “mountain man” will be examined to analyze how cinema visually constructed this gender image, and how it evolved. Did this image include or exclude women? Where can we find women in these festivals, if they are excluded from the films? Are they present as organizers, volunteers or directors? This paper will try to uncover, on one hand, the image of the woman mountaineer in the later half of the 20th century and on the other, the often invisible work done by women at these festivals. Various archival sources from the Whyte Museum of the Canadian Rockies and Swiss National Film Archive will be combined with literary and gender theory (Julie Rak, 2021) in this historical analysis.

ID: 3.11238

Mountain sounds: The importance of mountain ecologies and multispecies knowledges for violin making

Edda Starck

Abstract/Description

In every violin, there lies a mountain. The “tonewood” spruce (picea abies) that violin instruments are made from requires a range of highly specific qualities that cannot be found in lowland plantation trees but rather exist only in mountain trees from niche Alpine habitats: good tonewood spruce usually comes from trees growing at over 1100 meters altitude on rough terrain, where harsh environmental conditions cause trees to grow slowly and to make dense, strong wood. To source wood for violin making thus necessitates an intimate knowledge of mountain geographies and forest ecologies. Hence, the heritage practice of violin making is deeply entangled with various ecological knowledges, practices, and industries that revolve around mountains and their sonorous trees. “Tonewood farmers,” for instance, have been responsible for the identification, felling, and processing of trees for instrument makers since the 17th century and continue to perform many of these tasks today.
Based on ethnographic research in Germany, Austria, and Northern Italy, this research draws on the experiences and stories of local communities to accentuate the connections between the musical practices surrounding bowed string instruments and local knowledges of mountain ecologies. It addresses how mountain ecologies have shaped, and have been shaped by and for the crafting of violins and how, through the circulation of instruments and musical practices around the world, these mountain ecologies play integral parts in global musical industries.

ID: 3.11415

Women’s Ski Jumping: Stories of Tensions, Advocacy, and International Echos in the Mountains

Charlotte Mitchell

Abstract/Description

Women have been participating in the sport of ski jumping dating back to the nineteenth century, yet have faced considerable obstacles on their pathway towards inclusion. The history of women in ski jumping and their discrimination in the sport has been documented; however, more research is needed to capture first-hand experiences of women in ski jumping and to better understand gender, international tensions, and advocacy efforts in the sport in the early twenty-first century, including the women’s ski jumping lawsuit against the Vancouver Organizing Committee for the 2010 Olympic Winter Games (VANOC) in Canada. Constructions of women in mountain sports transcended national borders as international women ski jumpers fought for inclusion and pushed boundaries against patriarchal policy and organizational exclusion under the International Olympic Committee (IOC) headquartered in Switzerland. Nineteenth century echoes of gender stereotypes and norms reverberated along mountain peaks from the Swiss Alps to the Canadian Rocky Mountains for women’s ski jumpers into the twenty-first century.

This history paper uses archival research and oral history interviews to capture the stories of women in ski jumping, track changing perceptions of gender in the sport, and to better understand international advocacy efforts and tensions as women ski jumpers negotiated their position within a male-dominated sport and organization. This paper contributes to a growing literature on women in ski jumping and highlights the importance of international voices who fought for change in mountain sports.

ID: 3.11634

Catharine Whyte’s Big Ski Adventure: Art, Writing, and Travel Stories of the Rockies and the Alps

Pearlann Reichwein

Abstract/Description

Catharine Robb Whyte (1906-1979) was an American-born artist, operator of Skoki Lodge in Banff National Park, and later the founder of Whyte Museum of the Canadian Rockies in Alberta, Canada. Her lifelong travels and work extended to ski destinations in the Rocky Mountains, the Columbia Mountains, and the European Alps. What did skiing mean to Whyte? Tracing her journeys reveals the arc of a woman’s lifelong engagement with ski culture set against the evolution of skiing at various destinations from early backcountry ski lodges to alpine resorts and heliskiing in the twentieth century as made evident in how she represented and remembered skiing through art, letters, and travel stories. As a skier and traveller, Whyte demonstrates how skiers were transnational and cross-cultural active agents beyond standard boundaries. In particular, women were skiers as revealed by the use of archival sources to find and read the past to understand the lives of women better by searching for their tracks in the archives of skiing and adventure. Archival fonds, including letters, albums, and photographs, along with oral history interviews and artwork, are used to extract Catharine Whyte’s ski adventures across her lifetime. Based on analysis of these sources, critical examination reconstructs a woman’s journeys and experiences of skiing mountain landscapes. Reading her life story through art, travel writing, and personal stories, contributes to the larger history of women in skiing and mountain communities, highlighting the importance of skiers and mountain sport in the globalization of the Alps and the Rockies.

ID: 3.16815

Transfer of Knowledge and Culture: Skiing between Austria and Canada

Christof Thöny

Abstract/Description

International exchanges and cultural contacts have shaped the development of modern skiing since the 19th century. Starting in Norway, where the population in the Telemark region took an interest in this new phenomenon, contacts were established in many areas of the world where climatic and geographical conditions allowed for skiing. This applies to the Alps, where the so-called Alpine skiing developed its techniques and disciplines in the first half of the 20th century. These were introduced by emigrants – mainly ski instructors – in North and South America, as well as Australia and New Zealand. While there is a lot of research on the emigration of Austrian ski instructors to the United States, emigration to Canada has not been sufficiently researched to date. This article aims to examine the transfer of knowledge about skiing from Austria to Canada. Important reference points are people like Georg Eisenschimmel, who fled from the Nazi regime due to his Jewish heritage. Based on specific examples, individual and collective networks in skiing are shown – chronologically before, during, and after the Second World War.

ID: 3.18256

Critical Comments on the Papers in the Session “Mountain Echoes Beyond Boundaries”

Doris Eibl

Abstract/Description

The session “Mountain Echoes Beyond Boundaries” is committed to an intersectional perspective on various topics highlighting the transnational history of mountain experiences and their representations as well as transcending the boundaries of class, gender, region and nation. From research on women at mountain film festivals to Olympic ski jumpers, the growth of ski resorts in the Rocky Mountains, travel literature focusing on mountain experiences or the history of mountain landscapes, the session will bring to together researchers from different traditions who will explore a range of topics that, despite their differences, may reveal a common thread worth exploring. My task in this section is to summarize the various papers, to comment on them critically and to show how they are related.