Private

FS 3.100

Climate change impact on mountaineering, infrastructure & solutions for adaption

Details

Full Title
FS 3.100: The impact of climate change on mountaineering and how it affects hiking trails, mountain huts and rock climbing areas and solutions for adaptions
Scheduled
TBA
Location
TBA
Convener
Andreas Aschaber
Co-Conveners
Luisa Pedrazzini, Bojan Rotovnik, Hanspeter Mair, Piotr Pustelnik,
Assigned to Synthesis Workshop
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Thematic Focus
Adaptation, Hazards, Sustainable Development
Keywords
Climate change, Mountaineering, Mountain Infrastracture, Climate change adaption

Description

The content was (partly) adapted by AI

Climate change has profound effects on mountaineering, significantly altering hiking trails, mountain huts, and rock climbing areas. Rising temperatures are causing glaciers to retreat and permafrost to thaw, destabilizing mountain environments. As a result, traditional hiking routes are becoming more hazardous due to rockfalls, landslides, and unstable terrain. Some trails have even become impassable, forcing the creation of new paths or the modification of existing ones. Mountain huts, which serve as crucial refuges for climbers and hikers, are also affected. The changing climate impacts water supplies, increases maintenance costs, and may require relocation due to shifting landscapes or increased risk of avalanches. Rock climbing areas are similarly influenced by the degradation of rock stability, making previously safe routes more dangerous. Additionally, shorter seasons due to higher temperatures limit the time available for safe outdoor activities. These impacts necessitate adaptive strategies and measurements to adapt to the changing conditions. Overall, climate change not only threatens the safety and accessibility of mountaineering but also demands comprehensive responses from the outdoor community, mountaineering associations, local authorities, and environmental organizations to mitigate risks for mountaineering and key infrastructure as mountain huts, hiking trails and rock climbing areas.

Submitted Abstracts

ID: 3.8118

Climate-resilient trails: Adapting lowland and low-mountain routes to a changing environment

Steen Kobberø-Hansen

Abstract/Description

Climate change is reshaping outdoor recreation, not only in alpine regions but also in lowland and low-mountain landscapes, where extreme weather, soil erosion, and changing biodiversity threaten hiking trails and infrastructure. While much attention is given to high-mountain mountaineering, the adaptation of forest paths, riverside trails, coastal routes, and rolling terrain networks remains underexplored. This session will present ERA’s work on building climate-resilient trails in these environments through best practices, digital trail management, and cross-border cooperation. It will showcase trail adaptation strategies in response to increased flooding, prolonged droughts, storm damage, and shifting land use patterns. The presentation will also introduce ERA’s efforts in proactive trail assessments and open-source digital trail mapping, helping trail managers plan for climate resilience before issues become critical. Attendees will gain insight into practical solutions for mitigating climate risks in diverse landscapes, including the use of climate-resistant materials, sustainable water management, and smart vegetation planning. The session will highlight the need for stronger collaboration across borders to create a European-wide approach to climate-resilient trail networks. Key takeaways: • Understand how climate change affects lowland and low-mountain trails differently from high-altitude routes. • Learn best practice solutions for trail adaptation, including materials, rerouting, and water management. • Discover ERA’s initiatives in proactive trail assessments and digital mapping for climate resilience. • Explore opportunities for cross-border collaboration in sustainable trail management.

ID: 3.8120

The crowded trail: Managing overuse and user conflicts in Europe’s lowland and low-mountain hiking areas

Steen Kobberø-Hansen

Abstract/Description

As outdoor recreation grows in popularity, lowland and low-mountain trails are facing increased pressure from overuse, user conflicts, and environmental degradation. Unlike remote alpine routes, these trails are often located in accessible areas, attracting large numbers of hikers, cyclists, horseback riders, and other outdoor enthusiasts. Without proper management, trail overcrowding can lead to erosion, habitat destruction, and tensions between different user groups. This session will present ERA’s strategies for sustainable trail management, focusing on visitor distribution, multi-user cooperation, and trail certification improvements. It will introduce ERA’s ideas on Trail Overcrowding Assessment Tool, designed to help managers determine a trail’s carrying capacity and implement zoning strategies. The presentation will also highlight the ideas on Multi-Trail-User Forum, which brings together hikers, bikers, and other outdoor stakeholders to develop fair and sustainable solutions for shared trail use. Additionally, the session will explore how technology — including real-time trail data, digital trail apps, and interactive signage — can help distribute visitor flows and prevent environmental damage. Attendees will learn how national parks, nature reserves, and rural hiking areas can apply sustainable management techniques to maintain accessibility while protecting landscapes. Key takeaways: • Understand the growing challenge of trail overcrowding and how it impacts lowland and low-mountain regions. • Learn about ERA’s ideas on Trail Overcrowding Assessment Tool and how it can help measure and manage trail use. • Discover how multi-user cooperation can reduce conflicts between hikers, bikers, and other outdoor enthusiasts. • Explore how digital trail management solutions can help distribute visitor flow sustainably.

ID: 3.8351

Vulnerability of Mountain Infrastructures to Climate Change: Assessing Their Adaptive Capacity Through Governance in the French-Swiss Alps

Jean Miczka
Chanteloup, Laine; Clivaz, Christophe

Abstract/Description

This communication examines the vulnerability of mountain infrastructures that facilitate recreational activities (e.g., hiking, mountaineering, mountain biking, ski touring) to climate change. It analyzes how climate change is impacting infrastructures such as trails, huts, and climbing routes, making the development and sustainability of these activities more challenging. Utilizing the multidimensional concept of vulnerability, this study explores the application of its three dimensions—exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity—to these infrastructures.
The findings indicate that these infrastructures exhibit high exposure and sensitivity to climate change, emphasizing the decisive role of adaptive capacity in shaping their vulnerability. This capacity is influenced by the actions of various stakeholders, whose decisions and interventions can either amplify or mitigate risks. This study investigates their roles, strategies, and interactions in this regard. The analysis is based on fieldwork conducted in six valleys within the French-Swiss Alps, offering insights into the governance and adaptation of these infrastructures in the face of climate challenges.

ID: 3.8977

Sport Tourism AND Mountain Activities in Cambodia

Leny Keo
Banhidi, Miklos

Abstract/Description

This paper examines tourists’ satisfaction level visiting the Cardamom mountains in Cambodia based on their feedback published on tourism providers’ websites. Visitors’ input reflects the quality of the attractions and services at the destination. Our analysis paralleled tourism products that the destination offers with the visitors’ opinions. Cambodia’s 1980’s political changes have allowed the Cardamom mountains region to develop significant tourism super- and infra-structures, enabling this tropical region to host thousands of tourists every year. In the present study, we investigated the supply side of the tourism system as well as the opinions of the visitors published on tourism websites. Based on the reviews, we estimated travelers’ satisfaction with their experience during their visit to Cardamom. The most frequently mentioned characteristics of the destinations were the natural environment, accessibility, hospitality, and the provided attractions. To get to know the level of each feature, we set up four categories: poor, basic, satisfactory, and high-quality. Based on the environmental analysis and the tour packages offered by the regional travel agencies, the Cardamom mountains is a tropical destination with jungles, unique water surfaces, and rich wildlife. The area is a bit cooler than the capital city, but in the rainy season, there is more rainfall, which makes it difficult to reach the sites. Tour operators advertise their packages by highlighting the jungle atmosphere, homemade food experience, and adventure activities. The travelers’ opinions confirmed the importance of the tourism attractions. Most reviews rated the Natural environnent (47.5%), sport and adventure activities (47.2%), hospitality (37.9%), and homemade food (36.6%) as good or excellent. Some of the travelers were less satisfied with the accessibility of the destination and hygiene level.

ID: 3.9176

Safer Route Planning on Alpine Glaciers: A New Crevasse Dataset

Celia Baumhoer
Leibrock, Sarah; Dietz, Andreas

Abstract/Description

Alpine glaciers are rapidly changing due to climate change. The rapid pace of change poses a significant challenge for cartographers, making it too labour-intensive to continuously update crevasse zone locations on hiking maps. However, accurate and up-to-date information on crevasse distribution is crucial for mountaineers and field researchers to ensure safe glacier traverses and mitigate crevasse falls. In particular, with the increasing likelihood of winters with low snow cover in the future, the number of crevasse accidents could double, as was the case in Switzerland in the winter of 2022. For the first time, this study introduces a novel glacier crevasse dataset for safer route planning. We developed an automated method for mapping Alpine glacier crevasses using high-resolution (20 cm) airborne remote sensing imagery and a multitask deep neural network. The model was trained and tested on data collected at the end of the ablation season from seven training areas and five test areas in the Ötztal and Stubai Alps. The model demonstrated robust detection of glacier crevasses of varying shapes and light conditions, reaching a balanced accuracy over 86 %. The model’s spatial and temporal transferability enabled the generation of glacier crevasse maps for the entire Ötztal and Stubai Alps as well as additional study sites around Großglockner, Großvenediger, Piz Palü and Ortler. For selected areas, we highlight changes in glacier crevasse zones by comparing previously mapped crevasse zones from existing hiking maps with the here presented dataset. Furthermore, these new crevasse datasets are currently being integrated into printed hiking maps to provide mountaineers and field researchers with up-to-date crevasse information for better route planning. Future research efforts could focus on automating the production of updated crevasse maps, synchronized with Austria’s three-year aerial photography cycles. Integrating this information into digital cartography tools would enhance accessibility and usability for mountaineers and researchers.

ID: 3.9827

Marked trails and forest exploitation

Bojan Rotovnik

Abstract/Description

In Europe, we have around 1.500.000 km of marked trails. Climate changes, such as floods, storms, landslides, droughts, etc. have a major direct impact on trails, which is why trail keepers every year have to invest more time and resources to maintain trails. However, climate changes also have a major impact on forests, which is why the forestry industry is increasingly demanding the construction of new forest and tractor roads in forest areas. Since many marked trails are in forest areas, this could be consider as indirectly impact of climate changes on marked trails, as many new forest and tractor roads damage or destroy during construction. An agreement should be reached at EU level between all stakeholders that forest exploitation shall not damage or destroy marked trails (footpaths).

ID: 3.10262

“You Shall Not Pass!” – Hikers’ Acceptance of Access Restriction in Overcrowded Italian Mountains.

Giacomo Pagot
Grilli, Gianluca; Gatto, Paola

Abstract/Description

Outdoor recreation is reported to have many effects for people, both at individual level, providing health benefits, and at community level, providing economic opportunities for people living in remote areas, such as the mountains. Nonetheless, large crowds and high number of recreationists often cause ecological damages to natural sites they visit, while also reducing benefits of the outdoor recreation for some categories of recreationists, like those seeking solitude. In order to improve the management of overcrowded sites, exploring the acceptance of recreationists to different management options is a first step to be taken. In the current study we surveyed a sample of Italian mountain recreationists on their opinions and acceptance for various restriction measures to specific sites for environmental protection and conservation in the Italian mountains. Furthermore we explored how socio-demographic characteristics, frequency of visits to the mountains and frequency of activities performed influenced their choices. Our findings show that the majority would accept restriction measures, free of charge and for environmental protection and conservation. Fee-based options were not totally rejected, even though free of charge measures were definitely preferred. We found significant associations for all socio-demographic characteristics, such as gender, age, education, education background, occupation and environmental association belonging and provenance, and acceptance of restrictions. High frequency of visits to the mountains, low frequency of hiking, walking and climbing activities, using often the e-bike and sometimes the snowshoes are associated with acceptance of restriction measures. We conclude by considering that implementing restriction measures is a delicate process and not necessarily the only, or most effective, option to manage the overcrowding of specific sites. Site specific measures could be applied, by observing more general guidelines, but accurate reporting and mapping on the overcrowding should be carried out before.

ID: 3.10948

RESALP Project for the screening of geo-hydrological instabilities that affect high mountain structures of the Italian Alpine Club

Daniele Giordan
Cignetti, Martina; Notti, Davide; Giacomelli, Riccardo; Avalis, Marco; Crosta, Giovanni; Arese, Enrico

Abstract/Description

The increasingly severe meteorological and climatic challenges affecting our planet, especially in mountain regions, demand urgent attention. Addressing these critical issues is essential for deepening our understanding of ongoing environmental transformations. One effective approach involves continuous monitoring and observational activities, with high-altitude mountain huts and shelters playing a key role. These structures provide an invaluable resource for tracking and analyzing meteorological and climatic variations across Italy’s mountain ranges. In response, the Research Institute for Hydrogeological Protection of the National Research Council of Italy (CNR IRPI) and the Italian Alpine Club (CAI) have launched the RESALP (Resilience of Alpine Structures) project, funded by the Italian Ministry of Tourism. This initiative aims to conduct a comprehensive analysis of all CAI-managed high-altitude facilities, focusing on detecting signs of structural instability in buildings and associated infrastructure, particularly those linked to geohydrological instability. A team of specialised professionals will carry out the assessment using a standardized document developed by CNR IRPI, known as the “Operative Monographies.” This method ensures consistency and comparability across all surveyed sites. A key aspect of the study will be the impact of climate change on permafrost stability, as its degradation poses a significant risk to the structural integrity of mountain refuges and bivouacs. The project will focus on CAI-managed high-altitude facilities located above 2,800 meters above sea level, including 40 bivouacs and 18 refuges. All collected data and operational monographs will be compiled into a dedicated webGIS, providing a detailed assessment of damage distribution and severity. This tool will support informed decision-making regarding potential risks and necessary interventions. Beyond its immediate practical applications, this large-scale screening initiative will also offer significant methodological and scientific advancements. The project will generate an unprecedented dataset, shedding light on the effects of climate change on mountain infrastructure. The findings will be instrumental in developing strategies to mitigate these impacts, ensuring the long-term resilience of high-altitude facilities.

ID: 3.11013

Where and when does rockfall occur? Influence of glacier and permafrost retreat on high mountain rockfall

Christine Fey
Wichmann, Volker; Zangerl, Christian

Abstract/Description

For high alpine routes, glacier retreat and rockfall have a major impact on accessibility and safety. While glacier retreat in the Alps is well documented and mapped, there is much less information on the influence of climate change on rockfall processes. In this study, we analysed where rockfalls occur in relation to permafrost degradation and glacier retreat in the Stubai and Ötztal Alps in the Eastern Alps. Using area-wide digital terrain models from 2006 and 2017 based on laserscanning data, we made an inventory of rockfalls above the tree line. We identified a total of 1989 rockfalls with volumes ranging from 200 m³ to 200,000 m³. Notably, 76% of the rockfalls occurred in areas with a mean annual ground temperature (MAGT) below 0°C, which represents only 22% of the potential rockfall area. In addition, 40% of the rockfalls occurred in areas that have deglaciated since 1969, representing only 4.7% of the potential rockfall area. The presence of permafrost and glaciers depends on altitude and slope exposure. This dependence on slope exposure and altitude is therefore reflected in the spatial distribution of rockfalls. Rock faces in the northern sectors and above 3000 m are particularly prone to rockfall. Although only 22% of rock faces are above 3000 m, 75% of all rockfalls occurred at this altitude. The rockfall inventory shows where rockfall occurs but not when. Correlating the timing of rockfall with meteorological events and anomalies (heat waves, temperature drops and fluctuations, frost and thaw cycles, sudden snowmelt combined with heavy rainfall, etc.) will allow us to study rockfall triggers and the timing of rockfall. The mountaineering community can contribute with observations and reports of high alpine rockfall. This is a first step towards predicting which weather conditions are more likely to trigger rockfall and will lead to an increase in rockfall.

ID: 3.11078

Guiding Through Change: Vulnerability and Adaptation Among Mountain Guides in the Canadian Rockies

Kate Hanly
McDowell, Dr. Graham

Abstract/Description

This study characterizes the vulnerability of mountain guides to climate change in the Canadian Rockies. Using semi-structured iterviews (n = 30) and one focus group (n = 4 participants) with guides in the region, we assess the extent to which guides have observed climate-related cryospheric changes, evaluate the relevance of these changes to their guiding practices, and examine their responses. Findings demonstrate that all guides observed climate-related changes in the cryosphere of the Canadian Rockies, including glacier recession, the diminishment of snowpacks and alpine ice, changes in waterfall ice conditions, and permafrost degradation. Guides are sensitive to these exposures because they have contributed to an increase in hazards, altered route character and access, and shortened the guiding seasons. Sensitivity varied according to guides’ subjective assessment of the change, it’s relevance to their guiding practice, and livelihood characteristics. In response, guides have adapted using substitutions, investing more time in research and planning, and adjusting their practices and equipment. However, we found that individual adaptability was determined by social factors (e.g., training, years of experience) that created varied adaptive barriers, leading to differentiated experiences of climate change. We examine the consequences of these impediments and discuss potential strategies for reducing or eliminating them in a mountain guiding context. This study offers insights for the development of interventions aimed at enhancing the resilience of mountain guiding communities in the face of evolving environmental challenges, and provides a benchmark for tracking lived experiences of climate change among mountain guides in the Canadian Rockies.

ID: 3.11107

Everest and climate change: Problems and Prospects

Jinesh Sindurakar
Gurung, Ganesh

Abstract/Description

Everest and climate change: Problems and Prospects
The history of Nepal’s mountain tourism started with the first ascent of Everest on 29 May 1953 and played pivotal role in the economic benefit of the mountain people, but now, global warming and climate change have emerged as a matter of great concern to all of us. As per the report of Nature Portfolio Journal Climate and Atmospheric Science, the ice that took 2,000 years to form has melted in around 25 years as the Nepal side of the peak continues to lose decades’ worth of ice every year. Presently, all the expedition groups use diesel generators for the production of energy for cooking food, light and charging of the electronic devices. During the production of energy, it also emits harmful gasses like carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxide into the pristine environment of the base camp. The speed of melting snow on the mountain causing the formation of glacial lakes in numerous places remain as a serious threat with the possibility to burst anytime resulting in the avalanche. In addition, the melting of ice is causing the garbage, dead bodies to be surfaced above making uncomfortable for the mountaineers while climbing.The Secretary General of UN in 2023 while visiting the Everest BC remarked- “Stop the madness,” and emphasized to end the age of fossil fuel to protect people on the frontline of climate change induced destruction. The fossil energy produces carbon dioxide, which is the primary source of pollution. It also makes the environment more acidic, which will lead to unpredictable and negative changes in the environment. For the preservation of mountain environment and to slower the speed of change in climate, it is an urgent need of time to seek alternate source of energy. In such situation, renewable energy can be reliable source of energy since its increase in the consumption results in the decrease of the production of carbon dioxide. Mountaineering tourism can be sustainable only when we can reduce the effect of climate change with minimum use of fossil energy and maximum use of renewable energy.

ID: 3.11115

The Impact of Climate Change on Mountaineering and Adaptation Strategies in Northern Areas of Pakistan

Muhammad Awais Khan

Abstract/Description

Pakistan, is a home to some of the world’s highest peaks, including K2 and Nanga Parbat and serve as source for glacier climbing in its northern regions including Karakoram and Himalayas, presents threats and significant risks to both local and international climbers. These altitudes experience severe impacts of climate change on its mountainous regions. Rising temperatures are accelerating glacial melt, increasing rockfall hazards, and destabilizing climbing routes, posing serious risks to mountaineers. The thawing of permafrost is weakening mountain structures, leading to frequent landslides and avalanches, making traditional routes more dangerous and unpredictable. Above threats could be evident from several fatal incidents associated with this extreme sport. Some of the examples include; K2 Tragedy in 2008 when an ice avalanche on K2 resulted in the deaths of at least 11 climbers. The disaster was precipitated by the collapse of an ice sheet at approximately 8,200 meters, leading to a series of fatal accidents. Also according to the Guardian sources Broad Peak Accident took place when a Renowned Pakistani climber Murad Sadpara, aged 35, died in 2023 after being struck by a falling rock during his descent from Broad Peak in the Karakoram Range. Similarly CBS News stated that Disteghil Sar Avalanche incident occurred in 1997 in which two British climbers and a New Zealander lost their lives in an avalanche while attempting to summit Disteghil Sar. The tragedy occurred in the Shamshal Valley at high altitude. According to American Alpine Club Publications (AAC Publications) Primary Causes of Fatalities include; Avalanches and Icefalls, dislodged rocks, hidden crevasses, rapid weather changes, low oxygen level and rising temperatures contributing to glacier melting, increasing the frequency of avalanches and unstable ice conditions, thereby elevating risks for climbers. By adopting proactive strategies, Pakistan can mitigate the effects of climate change on its mountaineering sector, ensuring the preservation of its iconic peaks and the safety of climbers and trekkers for future generations. Adaptation strategies include; trail maintenance, installing early-warning systems for avalanches and landslides, relocation of Mountain huts to safer zones, collaboration between local authorities, mountaineering organizations, and climate experts.

ID: 3.11129

Assessing the effects of glacier retreat on alpine trails and huts to support alpine hiking infrastructure management

Florian Albrecht
Hölbling, Daniel; Hipp, Tobias; Scheierl, Gabriela; Magin, Sebastian; Gabl, Marco; Beer, Werner; Würtl, Walter; Laher, Matthias; Dabiri, Zahra; Abad, Lorena; Streifeneder, Vanessa; Nafieva, Elena

Abstract/Description

Mountaineering in the Alps faces significant changes due to the rapid and extensive of climate change-induced glacier retreat. Glacier retreat and related geomorphological and periglacial processes alter the surrounding alpine landscape, increase occurrence of slope instabilities and mass movements and have a strong impact on the hiking infrastructure of trails and huts. Impacts include trail damage, the need for relocations of trails, a potential loss or deterioration of water resources required for hut operation and increased risk for mountaineers. Consequently, alpine infrastructure management requires more accurate and up-to-date information on the diverse glacier retreat impacts on alpine hiking infrastructure and the potential risks for mountaineers. Relevant information can be derived from Earth observation (EO) data. In the project ReHIKE (Analysing Glacier Retreat Effects on Alpine Hiking Infrastructure using Earth Observation), we discussed current problems of the hiking infrastructure with stakeholders involved in trail and hut keeping for gathering requirements to information about glacier retreat impact. Accordingly, we create up-to-date, targeted maps that highlight areas affected by and prone to natural hazards, as well as hiking infrastructure requiring higher maintenance. Therefore, we use various EO data and techniques to map changes in the glacier extent and surrounding periglacial areas. We analyse the impact of glacier retreat on the alpine trail network in the vicinity of selected glaciers along the main ridge of the Austrian Alps. We use a time-series analysis of Sentinel-1 and 2 data from the Copernicus programme to map glacier extent, glacier foreland features, and their changes over the past ten years, monitor the instability of slopes, and identify mass movements. The different EO-derived maps will serve as a basis for analyzing impact on the trail network and hut locations in the study areas comprehensively. These information products will support alpine infrastructure managers in evaluating future efforts for trail maintenance and estimating where (along the trail or route) and to what extend mountaineers are facing a higher risk due to intensifying hazards. Further, these results enable scientific investigations on climate change adaptation and help alpine associations in developing adequate adaptation measures and in improving the awareness of increased hazards in the mountaineering community.

ID: 3.11371

Climate change impacts on recreational alpinist behaviour in European Alps

Emmanuel Salim
Gruet, Célian

Abstract/Description

Climate change is having a significant impact on mountain areas worldwide. Retreating glaciers and associated paraglacial processes, as well as thawing permafrost, are affecting recreational activities in mountain areas. Alpinism, defined by UNESCO (2019, p. 4) as “the art of climbing high mountain peaks and walls, in all seasons, in rocky or icy terrain, using one’s own physical, technical and intellectual abilities and appropriate techniques, equipment and highly specific tools”, is particularly affected, with routes becoming more difficult, less likely to be in good climbing conditions, or sometimes even disappearing (Mourey et al., 2022). This phenomenon affects the work of mountain guides, who adapt by becoming more reactive to conditions, increasing their spatial and temporal patterns, and making strategic changes to their behaviour (Hanly and McDowell, 2023). However, as the practice is mainly autonomous and informal, little is known about how recreational alpinists perceive such changes in the mountain environment and alpine routes, nor how they adapt their behaviour.

Accordingly, the aim of this submission is to present the results of a mixed-methods approach aimed at understanding recreational alpinists’ perceptions of the consequences of climate change and their adaptation behaviours. The results are based on 1071 questionnaires distributed through social media platforms in the European Alps in 2022-2023, as well as 30 semi-structured interviews conducted with respondents in 2024. The results show how alpinists adapt their practices to climate change, how it affects their motivations and how they seek climate services to prepare their activities.

ID: 3.11477

The role of the Sonnblick Observatory within European Research Infrastructure Consortiums (ERICs) and its potential for eLT(S)ER

Elke Ludewig
Petermann, Jana; Shinozaki, Kyoko; Rijcken, Iepke; Meier, Wolfgang; Berninger, Ulrike-G.; Wickham, Stephen A.

Abstract/Description

In 1886, the Sonnblick Observatory was established at an altitude of around 3,100 meters on the main Alpine ridge in the Austrian Alps to gain a better understanding of atmospheric processes. In the following decades, the observatory developed into a high-tech, high-altitude research infrastructure with a monitoring focus on the atmosphere, biosphere and cryosphere, embedded in international research and monitoring programs. Since 2016, the observatory has also been involved in European Research Infrastructure Consortia (ERICs). In addition to ACTRIS, a focus is now on eLTER. As part of eLTER, the summit site of the Hohe Sonnblick is listed in DEIMS. The summit location provides access to a wide range of data from the climate and environmental sector, but it limits research approaches with regard to the entire ecosystem and its changes in the face of climate change. In particular, potential studies of altitude-dependent changes from the valley floor across the main Alpine ridge are not possible with a single measuring location. To address this, GeoSphere Austria and PLUS are working together to establish a long-term collaboration within the framework of eLT(S)ER in the Hohe Tauern National Park. Additionally, this gradient is of particular interest for cloud research within the ACTRIS framework. Our goal is to study ecosystem science across an altitudinal gradient of at least 1,500 meters while integrating sociological perspectives on a change in land-use, governance structures, and local economies, to move away from a environmental monitoring focus only research to socio-ecological research. To pave the way for socio-ecological transformation, we see an urgent need for a transdisciplinary approach, particularly in light of emerging science skepticism. We want to actively involves local actors and local communities as well as tourists through a participatory research approach. One approach of altitudinal gradient studies to capture environmental changes will be presented using the example of Mt. Hoher Sonnblick. The aim is to predict climate impacts, protect ecosystems and improve weather and climate models. This knowledge is crucial for informing regional decision-making processes. Alpine sites provide an ideal research setting for such research, as they contain many different climate zones within a small geographic area.

ID: 3.11575

Living with a Disappearing Glacier: Ethnographic Insights from a High-Altitude Mountain Hut

Benjamin Buchan

Abstract/Description

Glacial retreat is reshaping both the physical landscape of high-altitude environments and the lived experiences of those who depend on them. While glaciers have become global symbols of climate change, mainstream narratives often overlook the perspectives of those directly affected. This study, based on ethnographic research and visual anthropology, examines the evolving relationship between glaciers and alpine communities by focusing on the experience of the keepers of the Quintino Sella mountain hut in the Monte Rosa massif (Aosta Valley, Italy). The glacier is not only a backdrop but an active force shaping the hut’s infrastructure and future. As the ice recedes, the stability of hiking routes and climbing access deteriorates, raising safety concerns and threatening the hut’s role as a base for alpinism. The retreating glacier also forces continuous adaptation, requiring significant investments in infrastructure, from water supply systems to structural reinforcements. Moreover, the glacier holds deep cultural significance for the local community, where it is an enduring symbol of identity and belonging. However, as conditions worsen, the hut keepers find themselves questioning its long-term viability and exploring alternative futures for the space. By centering the experiences of hut keepers and alpine inhabitants, this research challenges dominant media narratives, instead highlighting the entangled futures of glaciers and those who coexist with them. In doing so, it contributes to broader discussions on adaptation, resilience, and the role of local knowledge in understanding climate change beyond crisis narratives.

ID: 3.11588

Recreational use and conservation: Assessing the effectiveness of trail restoration in Patagonian alpine ecosystems

Alondra Crego
Barros, Agustina; Pissolito, Clara; Gowda, Juan

Abstract/Description

Patagonia is a hotspot tourism destination for hiking, attracting international, national and local tourists. In this region, Nahuel Huapi National Park (NHNP) is the third most visited park in Argentina, and the first National Park created in Latin America. It is surrounded by Bariloche, the largest tourist city in Andean Patagonia. The park has a vast alpine trail network with mountain huts and campsites that support activities including trekking, climbing, skiing, and paragliding. However, the growing number of visitors is placing increasing pressure on alpine ecosystems so managers have the challenge to conserve nature and to provide recreational opportunities. In Andean Patagonia, increasing human pressure and climate change, characterized by rising fires, droughts, erosion, and reduced precipitation, weaken alpine resilience and affect tourism patterns. Activities like hiking and camping increase pressure on high-conservation areas, especially on popular alpine meadows, including Frey Hut, which has been the most visited site in NHNP for the past 20 years. This has led to the development of informal trails, fragmenting the meadows, compacting and eroding soils, reducing vegetation cover, and altering plant composition. To address these issues, the Walk the Trail conservation project focused on the closure of informal trails and the redesign of a formal trail to minimize environmental degradation. This study assesses the effectiveness of this restoration effort in this highly visited alpine meadow. We used a socio-ecological approach, with the premise that effective conservation requires not only addressing biophysical factors but also understanding visitor behavior and recreational use patterns. We combined vegetation assessments with unobtrusive visitor observations to evaluate compliance with the new trail and vegetation recovery on previously closed informal trails, considering different levels of past degradation and microenvironmental conditions. Results showed that trail reconditioning effectively modified visitor behavior, with 80% using the new trail, and supported the natural recovery of vegetation on former informal trails. Additionally, observations helped identify spontaneous use areas, highlighting where trail design improvements are needed to minimize impacts and enhance the visitor experience. In conclusion, effective trail management can reduce mountaineering impacts and help mitigate climate change effects on sensitive ecosystems.

ID: 3.11708

The Lost Mountain Heritage: Investigating Environmental Stewardship in Mountaineer’s Narratives Trough Archival and Visual Ethnography

Hossein Rasaei

Abstract/Description

Today, mountain tourists who travel to Iran cannot see the Damavand Icefall anymore; Sherpa’s life in Sagarmatha National Park hugely relies on the future of Khumbu Glacier; 2050’s repeat photography of Columbia Icefield might be a dry valley full of falling rocks; the lack of snowpack is extremely affecting winter sports in the Alps. The future of mountaineering as a sport and adventure, which heavily relies on ice, snow, and glaciers, is changing due to climate change and global warming. Mountain glaciers, trails, and mountain huts from the Alps to the Himalayas and from the Andes to the Rockies, characterized as mountain heritages are collapsing under the weight of a warming world. While scientific studies have documented these physical effects, mountaineer’s narratives interwoven with such environmental change remain unexplored. In my master’s project with a critical lens, I focused on one of the most important mountaineering journals in North America, the Canadian Alpine Journal that climbing stories and experiences have been published since 1907. By employing visual and archival methods, we scrutinized the 20 volumes of the Canadian Alpine Journal (1922-1931 and 2013-2022), categorizing the data into early and modern narratives. We hypothesized that early climbers would concentrate solely on heroism, first-ascent, and adventure themes, while more recent mountaineers, would heavily bring climate change awareness. In contrast to our predictions, however, many old twentieth-century records appeared as environmental stewardship actions, even without explicit climate science terminologies like meteorology or climate change; whereas the modern generation of mountain storytellers has received comparatively scant attention to this crucial interdisciplinary phenomenon. Our findings not only are a rich archival investigation, but also could be an important awareness for global mountain forums, stakeholders, guides, and scientists, bringing a debate over the roots and reasons behind the recent inconsistency in addressing climate concerns in international mountaineering communities.

ID: 3.11836

Inclusive co-curricular student-engaged learning model to advocate for sustainable mountain development in the State of Utah and globally.

Janessa- Michelle Purcell

Abstract/Description

There is a gap in the education of understanding mountain communities and their challenges, that creates a divide and isolation from those who are not within these geographic locations. Lack of platforms to highlight these lived experiences leaves these communities under-resourced and incapable of addressing the unique issues. Through the inclusive Student Engaged Learning Model (SEL) at Utah Valley University (UVU), this comprehensive curriculum empowers students to independently problem-solve through collaboration with community partners. This allows them to develop the practical skills needed to connect with mountain communities and their needs. With this SEL model, non-traditional students have the ability to provide guidance and mentoring for other students, enriching their experiences of advocacy work and research. In pursuit of the Sustainable Development Goal #4; which addresses quality education, it is important for not only mountain communities to have access to education, but also for outside communities to gain a better understanding of how to confront mountain issues. The collaborative initiative of the Mountain Youth Hub and the Utah International Mountain Forum (UIMF) uplifts mountain communities, who are very often marginalized in political decision making by governments worldwide. UIMF participation in volunteer opportunities in our local community assists in providing a well-rounded perspective of the research we engage in to educate us in the challenges of communities in the mountain.

ID: 3.12094

How much do weather and climate contribute to success in mountaineering?

Christophe Ogier
Quarenghi, Filippo

Abstract/Description

Mountaineering success – defined here as reaching the summit and returning safely – depends on both climber-dependent skills and external factors such as mountain conditions and weather. While athletic ability is often highlighted as the key to success, the role of favorable weather is harder to quantify and frequently overlooked. In this study, we analyze 170 ascents nominated for the Piolet d’Or since 1991—an annual international award that we use as a proxy for groundbreaking ascents. Using ERA5 reanalysis climate data, we assess the rarity of weather windows for each ascent duration. Our results show that most ascents benefited from exceptionally favorable weather conditions relative to the 30-year climatic average. While our results focus on a niche aspect that is elite mountaineering, we also discuss the role of climate change in shaping long-term mountain conditions worldwide, with impacts that may be either beneficial or detrimental depending on the region.

ID: 3.12228

Mountaineering in times of climate change: well-known routes are gone; popular paths are becoming more hazardous!

Gerhard Mössmer
Branke, Deniz

Abstract/Description

Climate change leads to an increase of the frequency and severity of extreme climatic events particularly in alpine regions. These extreme events have severe consequences and high impact on mountaineering and alpine infrastructure. Due to climate change alpine trails, hiking paths, and rock-climbing areas are highly affected. As a result, popular and well-known routes are becoming more hazardous due to rockfalls, melting glaciers, thawing permafrost, and unstable terrain. The Alpine Association is the leading organisation for mountaineering in Austria and provides knowledge and expertise for more than 720,000 members. The increased risk and the negative effects require foresighted and well-planned adaptions to local conditions. Therefore, various aspects are gaining importance to make mountaineering as safe as possible. The training and implementation of current mountaineering approaches become challenging considering the rapidly changing conditions. The various aspects of terrain, conditions, equipment and personal attention must be re-examined and evaluated.

ID: 3.12501

Vulnerable Alpine Infrastructure in Climate Change: AV.GEO.CLIM – Enhancing Risk Awareness and Trail Safety in Mountain Environments

Marco Gabl
Ladner, Martin; Landskron, Simon; Korosec, Luca; Heller, Armin; Stock, Wolfgang

Abstract/Description

An increase in extreme weather events as a result of climate change is already evident, particularly in mountainous regions. These events lead to an increased occurrence of hydrological and gravitational natural hazards, such as debris flows, rockfalls, landslides, and floods. These natural events become hazardous when they directly affect human activities. The need for more extensive monitoring and intensified maintenance measures places a burden on those responsible for trail management. In the future, we can expect drier summers, more users of natural areas, winters with less snow, and a consequent extension of the hiking and mountaineering season at ever higher altitudes. The AV.GEO.CLIM project, initiated by the Austrian Alpine Club (ÖAV), focuses on the increase in alpine natural hazards due to climate change and the associated risks to society along hiking trails. The ÖAV is faced with the challenge of maintaining a historically grown network of trails with a length of around 26,000 kilometres, which is not designed for the climate crisis, on a voluntary basis and fulfilling its traffic safety obligations. The project focusses on hazard analysis, mapping, and communication to identify endangered areas early, disseminate this information, and enhance safety. Through collaboration with local experts and the involvement of mountaineers, spatially relevant data is recorded, analysed and used for adaptation strategies. The challenge in managing risks in mountaineering lies both in hazard mapping and in communicating risks to users. To achieve this, standardized methods for recording and evaluating natural hazards are being developed, which can be applied by experts, including trail wardens, mountain guides, and hut managers. Cooperation with local experts is crucial in this endeavor. Additionally, the project aims to actively involve civil society by providing easily accessible information. The results will be disseminated through the ÖAV, publications, and cartographic representations, engaging the broader public. This approach aims to raise awareness of the impacts of climate change and enhance safety on hiking trails through improved risk communication.

ID: 3.12515

Importance of mountain forest for leisure activities- the case of the municipality of Tržič, Slovenia

Irena Mrak
Simončič, Tina; Bončina, Živa; Guček, Matjaz; Breznik, Kristijan

Abstract/Description

Leisure activities in mountain areas are becoming more diverse and visitor numbers are increasing. n The environment and the local population is also affected. Knowledge of the characteristics of forest visitors and their habits provides a basis for sustainable planning of recreation and other uses of mountain forests. In the study, we focused on the mountain forest and its importance in relation to various recreational activities compared to its other uses. Aim of the study was to determine 1) the main visitor profiles; 2) what constitutes their motives for visiting the forest; 3) how well they know the rules for forest use and how their knowledge on various topics is affected. We used the area of the municipality of Tržič (155 km2; 15,120 inhabitants: over 74% forest), Karavanke, Slovenia), as a case study. W collected existing statistical data on leisure activities – visits and overnight stays, visits to different locations (i.e. number of guided tours, paid parking fees, number of mountain rescue interventions). Overall, the data shows increasing numbers, which is a consequence of the geographical location of the area, which allows a wide range of outdoor leisure activities. The qualitative data on recreation in forests was collected through an online survey (n=316) structured out of mainly close-type questions and Likert-type questions. The survey was also advertised via QR codes at various locations such as parking lots at the trailheads and mountain huts.The target groups were both residents of the study area and visitors. .. Preliminary results of the statistical analysis show that the most popular activities in the forest are hiking and cycling on marked trails and mushroom hunting at certain times of the year and that, apart from recreation, enjoying the silence and solitude are among the most frequently mentioned motives. Results provide a solid source of data for guiding and planning the recreational use of forests and for defining measures related to recreational activities to be embedded in strategic documents. The study was carried out as part of the Interreg Alpine Space Program – ForestEcoValuje project.

ID: 3.12520

Hiking in burned areas in Greece

Ivy Adamakopoulou

Abstract/Description

The last years forest wildfires has increased in Greece, impacting traditional hiking areas.
The question we ask ourselves is how to return to these burned areas? What will the next years look like? Are we to record and keep a memory of the scars in the landscape? Or are we to return as if nithing happened in those degraded landscapes and continue our activities?
The presentation will focus on the study on the revalorisation of the burned forest of Northern Evia. The work with the Forest firefighter and the records collected fir prevention and study. As well as the work on the representations of these scarred landscapes on hiking maps.

ID: 3.12702

Digitalization and Open Data for Sustainable Mountain Tourism: The EUMA Federated Approach to Trail, Hut, and Climbing Area Management

Alessio Piccioli
Bonfanti, Giuseppe

Abstract/Description

The digitalization of mountain infrastructure and the adoption of open-source and open-data methodologies play a key role in supporting local communities engaged in the collection and management of data related to hiking trails, mountain huts, and climbing areas. The European Mountain Association (EUMA) database serves as a case study, demonstrating how a federated architecture enables the harmonization of data from multiple contributors into a unified model. This approach not only facilitates data collection by local actors but also allows for the generation of valuable analytics supporting trail maintenance, infrastructure planning, and decision-making processes at local, regional, and European levels. Digital infrastructure is a cornerstone of sustainable mountain tourism and an effective response to climate change. By integrating data from different sources, the EUMA database enables adaptive management strategies, helping mountain regions anticipate and mitigate the effects of environmental changes on trails, huts, and climbing areas. The ability to generate real-time insights from aggregated datasets ensures that mountain tourism adapts to emerging challenges while preserving accessibility and safety for users. This presentation will showcase key statistics and findings derived from the collected data, highlighting trends in trail usage, maintenance requirements, and the impact of climate change on mountain access and infrastructure. By providing an open and collaborative platform for data sharing, we aim to empower local communities, public authorities, and policymakers with actionable insights that foster resilient and sustainable mountain tourism.

ID: 3.12791

Harnessing Citizen Science to Monitor and Preserve Mountain Water Resources: the Acqua Sorgente project

Matteo Nigro
Bassi, Lorenzo; Garzonio, Carlo Alberto; Del Sarto, Andrea; Priolo, Giuseppe; Nardi, Gian Carlo; Vaccarella, Mario; Barbieri, Marco; Peduzzi, Sergio; Bernasconi, Riccardo; Pollo, Alessandra; Marini, Raffaele; Pilosu, Elena; Proserpio, Arianna; Piccioli, Alessio; Montani, Antonio

Abstract/Description

A reliable and adequate water supply is key for mountain infrastructures and mountaineering activities. Water springs are the main source of water in mountain environments, providing access to groundwater. Unfortunately, modifications to the hydrological cycle induced by climate change are already causing a reduction in groundwater and connected spring flow. Further water resources reduction in mountain territories is expected in the future.
Adaptation to water resources reduction is then crucial for the infrastructures, like mountain huts, and for the outdoor community. The first and most important step in adaptation is the acquisition of additional data and knowledge about water resources and dissemination about the problem.
This is why in April 2024, the Italian Alpine Club (CAI) launched the Acqua Sorgente national Citizen Science project, with two main objectives:
i) Create and maintain an open-source national database of springs monitoring data.
ii) Foster community awareness on issues related to springs and water resources.
Through CAI-developed applications, all citizens can record spring information such as location, photographs, and flow rate; and electrical conductivity and temperature for trained volunteers.
The database already contains more than 1000 validated springs’ monitoring data from all the Italian territory. The data provides information of water availability along the trails. Also, based on these data, in depth hydrological analyses were developed with the support of research institutions and universities. The results are already contributing to water knowledge at the national scale. Additionally, multiple dissemination events and school-projects were organized to foster water awareness, particularly in the mountain territories.
In its first year, Acqua Sorgente proved: i) effectiveness of the mountaineering community in monitoring water springs; ii) effectiveness of water-awareness dissemination; iii) innovation potential of the collected data; iv) connection-cooperation capabilities.
It is time for the project to be scaled up to the European level. The applied method and workflow are scalable, as is the software infrastructure, which is entirely built on open-source code, ensuring full availability and functionality across the EU. European Alpine Clubs and Mountain Associations are invited to play a role in expanding the project, thanks to their wide membership and infrastructures.

ID: 3.12868

AlpsWatch – A crowd-based hazard information system for mountain environments

Andreas Mayr
Rosendorfer, Michael; Mitterer, Susanna; Rutzinger, Martin

Abstract/Description

An increasing number of people is exploring mountain areas, thereby exposing themselves to a variety of potentially hazardous natural processes (e.g., rockfall, collapsing seracs, landslides, or torrential floods) and adverse conditions (e.g., eroded trails, damaged belays or rappel stations, increased difficulty of snow-/ice-free routes). Rapid glacier retreat and permafrost degradation make some of these hazards even more prevalent. Moreover, remote mountain areas are not covered by standardized management schemes for natural hazards and there is usually no systematic monitoring. However, many relevant observations are made by experienced alpine professionals (such as guides, rescue teams, park rangers, field geoscientists etc.). To address this situation the “AlpsWatch” project builds on co-creation of information by this “highly-qualified crowd” to establish an interactive information platform for natural hazards in a mountainous pilot region (Tyrol, Austria). The project has developed and implemented a web app where users can readily document their field observations on recent and imminent hazard events as well as on potentially hazardous conditions, which are then synchronized and shared among the user community. Thereby, the project contributes to more informed decision making, both on the mountain and during planning of activities, and, thus, enables mountain professionals to enhance the safety of themselves and of their clients. A key challenge in the design of the system is to combine (i) accuracy and depth of structured and standardized information with (ii) ease of use. This is currently addressed by prototype testing with feedback from a pilot user group and iterative development. At IMC 2025, we aim to present the main functionality and the user interface of the AlpsWatch information system and discuss possibilities for improvement. Moreover, we will outline the potential to combine the crowd-based field observations with remote sensing based geomorphological analytics. Thereby, we aim to develop more comprehensive spatio-temporal information products for geoscientists and mountaineers and to enhance the understanding of geomorphological dynamics in the context of climate change.

ID: 3.12886

Data Analysis of Mountain Huts in the EUMA Database: Insights for Sustainable Management

Alessio Piccioli
Bonfanti, Giuseppe

Abstract/Description

Mountain huts play a crucial role in supporting sustainable tourism and facilitating safe access to high-altitude environments. Through the European Mountain Association (EUMA) database, which gathers data from 36 member associations and represents 3,266,106 individual members, we analyze the distribution, utilization, and maintenance needs of almost two thousands huts across Europe. By leveraging a federated data architecture, this study provides an integrated perspective on hut infrastructure and its role in adapting to climate change. The collected data with other open data source (like natural spring) allow for identifying maintenance priorities and environmental impacts, helping both policymakers and local managers implement evidence-based strategies for sustainable mountain tourism. With increasing pressures from climate change, understanding the dynamics of these essential infrastructures is vital for long-term resilience. This poster will highlight key statistics derived from the database, demonstrating how open data and digitalization contribute to optimizing hut management. Excerpt:

ID: 3.12998

Building safety in high Alps. The Capanna Margherita hut case study.

Francesco Calvetti
Benedetti, Giacomo; Giacomelli, Riccardo

Abstract/Description

Global warming is affecting alpine areas in a striking way, with recorded temperature increase larger than the global average. This causes the retreat of glaciers and the upward receding of permafrost. Either one of these effects in turn affects the stability of high mountain slopes and is responsible of rockfall and rock/ice avalanche events. While it is difficult to define the direct cause-effect relationship for any specific event, two general facts emerge: failures are becoming increasingly frequent, especially during particularly hot summer seasons, and they tend to concentrate within the altitude range affected by permafrost receding. In this paper, we describe the measurement station set up at Capanna Margherita hut (Punta Gnifetti, 4554m a.s.l., Monte Rosa massif), the highest mountain hut in the Alps, with the purpose of monitoring warming effects. Two boreholes were drilled, and multi-parametric geotechnical monitoring systems (DMS columns) were installed in them. Considering the climate-driven nature of potential failures, a comprehensive set of data is continuously recorded, including inclinometric, extensometric, piezometric, thermometric, and accelerometric measurements. Based on the monitoring data collected so far, the relationship between air temperature and underground temperature can be preliminarily assessed. Furthermore, the correlation between temperature and displacements is analysed. This sort of information is crucial for stability assessment and possible design of protection structures; furthermore it provides decision makers with guidelines for sustainable planning and management of high mountain structures.

ID: 3.13215

Remaking mountain social infrastructures inside protected areas: a case from the central Apennines

Annalisa Spalazzi

Abstract/Description

The dynamics of socio-ecological transformation are frequently shaped by divergent visions of the present and future, often leading to tensions and conflicts over the direction of territorial development. This article explores such dynamics through the remaking of Collective Properties (CPs) as social infrastructures within the Gran Sasso and Monti della Laga National Park (GSML), focusing on the Chiarino Valley as a case study. Situated in Central Italy, the GSML spans 150,000 hectares across 44 municipalities, many of which were severely affected by earthquakes in 2009 and 2016-17. Despite challenges such as depopulation and abandonment, the area retains traditional economic activities like forestry and grazing, sustained by the persistence of communal lands. The Chiarino Valley, part of the Collective Property of Arischia, exemplifies this resilience. Arischia, a peripheral village within L’Aquila, has maintained its distinct identity through its connection to the Valley and its Collective Domain, which was reacquired by the community in 1923 after a century-long struggle against privatization. This collective memory underpins the community’s attachment to the Valley, which serves as a critical resource for forests, grazing lands, and water. Today, the CP reinvests proceeds from activities like forest management and grazing leases into community-oriented initiatives, acting as a social infrastructure within L’Aquila’s periphery. However, tensions arise between resource use and conservation, particularly in light of the National Park’s preservation objectives. Through ethnographic methods, including walk-along interviews and participant observation, this chapter examines the role of CPs as socio-ecological infrastructures in governing resource use and their interactions with the Park authority. It highlights the minimal engagement between the Park, which implements European and national conservation directives, and the CPs, whose communities view their resources as inherited assets. The findings underscore the need for Public-Commons Partnerships to foster dialogue between local communities and institutions, ensuring a shared approach to socio-ecological balance in remote rural areas. This study contributes to broader discussions on the governance of rural commons, socio-ecological transformations, and the role of local institutions in shaping sustainable futures.

ID: 3.13384

Impact of Tourism on Cultural heritage and traditional knowledge systems

Zunaira Mumtaz

Abstract/Description

Tourism development in mountain communities has led to significant cultural and socio-economic transformations, often impacting indigenous knowledge systems and folk wisdom. In Galiyat, where traditional practices, oral histories, and local craftsmanship have long defined community identity, the rapid expansion of tourism has introduced external influences that challenge the transmission of folk wisdom across generations. This study explores the effects of tourism on traditional knowledge, examining shifts in storytelling, artisanal crafts, medicinal plant use, and agricultural techniques. Using qualitative methods, including key informant interviews, focus group discussions, and ethnographic observations, the research assesses how tourism-driven changes impact cultural heritage and community resilience. Findings highlight both challenges, such as the commercialization of traditions and the decline of intergenerational knowledge transfer, and opportunities, including the potential for cultural revitalization through sustainable tourism initiatives. The study provides insights into strategies for preserving folk wisdom while fostering tourism development that respects and integrates local heritage. These recommendations aim to support policymakers and community stakeholders in promoting culturally sensitive tourism in Galiyat’s mountain regions.

ID: 3.13488

8 years of research on ice aprons in the Mont-Blanc massif (Franch Alps)

Ludovic Ravanel
CAILHOL, Xavier; KAUSHIK, Suvrat; PIOT, Christine; MAGNIN, Florence; GUILLET, Grégoire

Abstract/Description

Ice aprons are small perennial ice bodies (generally <0.1 km²) located on steep slopes with a nearly stationary shear regime. They are typically found above the regional glacier equilibrium line altitude, within permafrost. While ice aprons occupy only a small fraction of the ice-covered surface, they contain ice that can be multi-centennial to multi-millennial in age, making them a potentially significant glacial heritage. This presentation summarizes eight years of research on these unique ice bodies in the Mont-Blanc massif (Western Alps), focusing particularly on their recent evolution, their impact on mountaineering, and their potential insights from a paleo-environmental perspective.

ID: 3.13544

Digital Echoes of Crisis: Decoding Public Discourses on Crises and Tourism in the Indian Himalayas

Aditya Sharma

Abstract/Description

Himalayas, the world’s youngest mountain range is home to diverse ecosystems and cultural landscapes, attracting adventure enthusiasts, pilgrims, and tourists, seeking nature, spirituality, and recreation. However, escalating tourism pressure, rapid urbanisation, disaster vulnerability and climate change are growing threats to the ecology and well-being of the mountains. The study delves into the discourses and discussions of online communities regarding unsustainable tourism in the Indian Himalayas. Utilizing, netnography and qualitative data analysis methods, it uncovers key areas of concern and narrative surrounding tourism development in the region. The analysis takes evidence from two recent disaster events in 2023: the flood-landslide catastrophe in Himachal Pradesh and the land subsidence crisis in Joshimath, Uttarakhand. Leveraging collective behaviour theory, the findings uncover prominent themes in public discussions. Importantly, the findings decode the major apprehensions regarding tourism development in the fragile ecosystem. And, the study highlights the pressing need to address sustainable development in the mountains. Furthermore, the study attempts to decipher various theoretical and practical implications for policymakers and destination managers.

ID: 3.13629

Adapted spatial planning instruments and nature based solutions to protect against natural hazards in mountainous areas – solutions for civil society in selected catchments in the LTSER Eisenwurzen

Renate Mayer
Jenšac, Alina

Abstract/Description

Mountainous regions are increasingly vulnerable to natural hazards due to climate change and expanding human settlements, and growing economic activities such as industry and tourism. Well-established solutions involving all interested groups are required for supposedly competing developments such as societal demands for protection against natural hazards, the protection and use of natural resources and land. Existing instruments (e.g. hazard zone maps, spatial planning regulations, technical guidelines, funding systems, participation processes) need to be adapted to the current and future challenges in the mountainous regions. In particular, the socio-ecological approach, but also the level of socio-economic developments, must be harmonised to ensure the compatibility of use in rural areas. In order to prevent natural hazards, it is necessary to align the following tasks with relevant policy instruments: Firstly, there is a need to strengthen personal responsibility, and civil society needs to be directly involved in planning and implementation processes. This necessity is particularly evident in the processing of protective measures, which are often accompanied by long delays. Nature-compatible measures must not be rejected as an obstacle to safety requirements; they should be integrated as positive interventions as blue and green infrastructure in the all-encompassing management of protection against natural hazards. There are already good examples of this that can also be implemented in accordance with the principles of economy, efficiency and expediency. However, an objective assessment and prioritisation with regard to the funding framework for measures is also required, whereby the public interest in protection against natural hazards must be considered as a whole. This means that ecosystem services beyond direct economic valuation must also be included. Good practice examples and opportunities in selected catchments in the the LTSER Eisenwurzen and Middle Styrian Enns Valley for co-operation are presented that can lead to resilience to natural hazards in line with land use management and nature conservation measures

ID: 3.14024

Fires in Bohemian Switzerland as one of the consequences of climate change and procedures for protecting the unique natural environment

Jan Bloudek
Fridrich, Tomáš; Valentová, Božena

Abstract/Description

Due to climate change, long periods of heat without rain are becoming more frequent in the sandstone climbing areas of Bohemian and Saxon Switzerland. In the environment of these sandstone rocks, which is prone to greater dryness, the risk of forest fires is significantly increasing, the monitoring and management of which is made worse by poor terrain accessibility. The situation is also worsened by the extensive bark beetle disaster, which is also partly caused by the long-lasting heat and drought. Recently, therefore, in the summer period, there has been an increasing number of closures of entrances to forest stands around the rocks, both on the Czech and Saxon sides, and other restrictions affecting climbing activities and tourism in the unique terrains of sandstone rock towns. The culmination of the worsening situation (although not the only cause) was a huge forest fire in the Bohemian-Saxon Switzerland National Park in July 2022, which affected more than 1060 hectares of the national park. The fire took 20 days to extinguish and at its peak was extinguished by nine helicopters, five aircraft and a total of about 700 people. In addition to the damage to the forest, the high heat also caused irreversible damage to rock towers and walls. CCF is a partner of the Agency for Nature and Landscape Conservation and cooperates very closely with the Administration of the Bohemian Switzerland National Park, where it is a member of the Council. Thanks to this cooperation, the CMA actively helped to repair the damage caused by the fire, and this cooperation in the form of monitoring the affected areas is still ongoing. However, our cooperation with the national park does not concern only this one event, but has a long-term and systematic character. Our presentation describing the largest forest fire in the history of the Czech Republic and our cooperation with the national park, negotiating exceptions allowing climbing activities, mapping problematic areas requiring closures, building access routes, and informing the public and climbers about protective measures and entry restrictions through our database and map application.

ID: 3.14040

Perceptions of snowmaking as a sustainable adaptation strategy for ski tourism

Michelle Rutty
Lopez, Ana B.

Abstract/Description

As the ski industry continues to invest in snowmaking technology in response to warming climatic conditions, concerns regarding the sustainability of snowmaking are amplifying, which can directly influence tourists’ decisions on whether or where to ski. The media and climate advocates have criticized the high levels of water and energy consumption required to produce snow, including associated greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions generated by snowmaking equipment. Through an online survey of skiers across Canada (n=209), this study examines perceptions of snowmaking as an environmentally sustainable climate adaptation strategy. The results show the majority of skiers believe snowmaking requires significant water and energy to produce (82% and 80%, respectively), which negatively impacts water resources (36%) and results in significant GHG emissions (28%). Importantly, over one-third of skiers are undecided as to whether or not snowmaking negatively impacts water resources (38%), results in GHG emissions (43%), contributes to climate change (35%), and negatively impacts human health (59%). Emerging research suggests snowmaking can be compatible with climate action plans, underscoring an important opportunity for mountain destinations engaged in sustainable development to better communicate their adaptation-mitigation efforts.

FS 3.107: Mountain cities

FS 3.100

Climate change impact on mountaineering, infrastructure & solutions for adaption

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