Abstract ID: 3.12610 | Accepted as Talk | Talk | TBA | TBA

Fortified sites often do not receive the necessary research attention, especially those located in rural areas and more specifically in mountainous and semi-mountainous regions outside of the well-known and thoroughly studied ancient Greek world, such as those in the regional unit of Grevena, northwestern Greece. The ongoing doctoral thesis examines the fortified sites of Grevena, an area that historically belonged to the broader Upper Macedonia region during antiquity and served as a key passage between
the neighbouring lowlands of Epirus, Thessaly, and Lower Macedonia. As part of the ongoing field survey, over 20 naturally and manmade fortified sites have been identified and revisited. Data collection has utilized both traditional recording methods and modern technologies, such as Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Unmanned Aerial Systems (drones). Preliminary results from the combined and comparative analysis suggest activity during the Hellenistic and Roman periods, with indications of earlier, later, or even continuous occupation. The building techniques and materials, dimensions and site selection appear to reflect local characteristics, similar to those found in neighboring Upper Macedonian regions, and stand in contrast to the larger, more complex constructions in Lower Macedonia and southern Greece. This study aims to illustrate the character and function of these fortified sites, shaped by both the natural and manmade landscape. It seeks to interpret their spatial distribution and relationships, shedding light on their role in the local and supra-local dynamics within the social, political, and economic context of the time. Ultimately, the research hopes to deepen our understanding of how these factors contributed to the creation of the mountainous identity of the local populations.