This research combines the effects of the abandonment of natural resources and their management with the dynamics of the settlement of new populations in rural communities, particularly in mountainous areas. It starts with the hypothesis that the abandonment of agricultural land, which intensifies the risks posed by climate change and natural disasters, jeopardizes the resilience and future of these communities. This leads to the creation of a positive environment for the reception of new populations. Indeed, these communities face the need to manage agricultural land use while also dealing with the abundance of inactive but potentially exploitable resources. This need is further reinforced by climate change, combined with the increasing frequency of natural disasters, making the reassessment of land-use relationships imperative. This combination of managing and utilizing natural and territorial resources positions the settlement of new populations as an acceptable solution for the entire dispersed society of mountain communities. This goal appears to be feasible and multifaceted because it activates resources based on the multifunctionality of the space and the diversification of activities. Local reception strategies arise, often preceding public policies through the mobilization of informal institutional capital (family, collectives, expatriates, etc.), which supports forms of cooperation and coordination to exploit agricultural resources. The study demonstrates the compatibility between informal local institutions and public policies, which often support such bottom-up initiatives in retrospect. This combination of informal and formal institutions creates both flexibility in implementation and the feasibility and sustainability of the action plan, while simultaneously strengthening territorial cohesion. This process leads to the need for spatial reorganization capable of responding to agro-ecological, social, economic, and institutional transitions, thereby building the new mountain community.