Abstract ID: 3.8426 | Reviewing | Talk/Oral | TBA | TBA

Springs serve as the vital freshwater sources in the Indian Himalayas, sustaining both ecological systems and human settlements. However, geomorphic changes, climate variability, and anthropogenic activities are altering the hydrological balance, leading to reduced spring discharge and seasonal drying. This study examines the geomorphological controls on spring sustainability in Khirsu Block, Pauri Garhwal, with a focus on terrain characteristics, land use changes, and hydrogeological dynamics. The research employs geomorphological mapping, slope and aspect analysis, elevation profiling, and land use land cover (LULC) change detection using remote sensing and GIS techniques. Field based GPS mapping, discharge measurements, and community surveys supplement the analysis. Findings reveal that spring distribution is closely linked to geological formations, slope orientation, and land use transformations. Springs situated along structural discontinuities and moderate slopes (15o – 30o) with north and northeast facing aspects exhibit relatively higher and sustained discharge rates. However, increasing rangelands, deforestation and expanding built up areas have reduced groundwater recharge potential, exacerbating water scarcity. The study highlights terrain instability, increased surface runoff and declining infiltration as key threats to the long-term sustainability of these springs. A participatory conservation model integrating hydrogeological assessment, community-based recharge techniques, and policy interventions is recommended to mitigate water stress and sustain these critical freshwater resources in the fragile Himalayan landscape.