Two European and one American mountain regions, the French Spanish Pyrenees, Poland’s Carpathian Tatras, and the U.S. Southern Rocky Mountains, have been subjected to decades of complementary Late Pleistocene-Early Holocene archaeological and paleoenvironmental studies. Comparative modeling of the three regions’ cultural and environment-climatic histories, including that of the author and his research colleagues in the Colorado Rockies, have documented analogous Late Ice Age through early Holocene hunter-gatherer subsistence systems, specifically adapted to seasonal highland-lowland transhumance of migratory game species. Although each of the regions exhibit distinct traits and behaviors related to localized variations in paleoclimate, paleoecology, geomorphology, and technology, overall montane-based subsistence strategies reflect many common approaches to acquiring game resources at the end of and beyond the Late Pleistocene into the Early Holocene.