#IMC: September 14 - 18 2025

Numerical study on surface settlement induced by various excavation methods and soil properties for shallow tunnel configurations

Assigned Session: FS 3.237: Open Poster Session

Abstract ID: 3.11902 | Accepted as Poster | Poster | TBA | TBA

Ahmed Mohammed Hasan (0)
Ahmed Mohammed Hasan ((0) Salahaddin University, Kirkuk-Erbil Road, 44001, Erbil, Kurdistan, IQ)

(0) Salahaddin University, Kirkuk-Erbil Road, 44001, Erbil, Kurdistan, IQ

Categories: Hazards, Others, Spatial Planning
Keywords: surface settlement, excavation methods, soil properties, tunnel configurations

Categories: Hazards, Others, Spatial Planning
Keywords: surface settlement, excavation methods, soil properties, tunnel configurations

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This paper explores surface settlement for shallow tunnels with different cross-sectional shapes including mouth profile, horseshoe and triangle roof shapes under various excavation techniques and soil characteristic conditions. Plaxis 2D software version 2024.2 used to numerically investigate a couple influences of tunnel excavation-and-shape-induced extra surface settlement. It was concluded that the couple effect of excavation-and-shape-induced surface settlement might be significantly minimized by selecting a proper excavation technique as well as a particular tunnel configuration in a suitable soil condition. To validate the numerical results, a comparison was made with the analytical results from the Peck’s formula. An excellent agreement was observed between the analytical and the finite element analysis results.

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