Mountain springs are vital for biodiversity. In many rural areas of the Himalayas, springs are also important water sources and have cultural significance for local people. However, these aquatic ecosystems are increasingly facing depletion, leading to growing water scarcity. The combination of natural factors, human activities and climate change is intensifying the problem. Yet, there is a lack of comprehensive research on the extent of these impacts. This study investigates the physiochemical and biological changes in springs in Nepal’s middle hills region over a six-year period, examining how both environmental shifts and human activities are affecting these vital water sources and their ecosystems. The findings highlight the current status of springs and offer crucial insights for the development of policies aimed at conserving these water resources in the Himalayas.