This poster will present the preliminary findings of ExtreMo, a research project in development at the interface between the Atlantic-Mediterranean biogeographical mountain regions of Portugal. ExtreMo focuses on establishing empirical understanding on locally perceived impacts of extreme drought on the productivity and biodiversity of mountain pastoral systems and developing remotely sensed monitoring tools for the continuous evidence-based guidance on the design and implementation of conservation policy action. To do this, it applies interdisciplinary mixed methods. It combines field-quantified understanding from fuzzy cognitive mapping in real-world pastoral systems with high-resolution satellite modelling and mapping of productivity and biodiversity. ExtreMO synthesizes livelihoods, perceived conservation risks to mountain pastoral systems, and improves prediction of conservation risk from extreme climate.