One of the most impressive abandoned urban mountain landscapes in the upper Amazon region is the archaeological complex of platforms and excavated linear features in the region of the Upano and Palora rivers region, which covers a vast area estimated at 2000 square kilometres. They have been in use for three millennia (ca. 1400 BC to 1200 AD) in a socio-hydrological dynamic system based on drainage and agricultural adaptations in a very humid, stationary conditioned environment. In this presentation we will try to answer how human societies can develop adaptation or mitigation strategies to global climatic changes such as the Medieval Climatic Anomaly (MCA) and the subsequent Little Ice Age. Finally, we will highlight the urgent need to include this cultural landscape heritage in the UNESCO World Heritage List.