The Indian Himalayan region is a biodiversity hotspot holding diverse abundance of species and numerous endemism. Among them, resides termites known as ecosystem engineers owing to their multifaceted roles in the ecosystem. Their ability to enhance the physical and chemical properties of the soil provides stability and health to nutrient deficient terrains of higher altitude. Presence of termite mounds in the area increase nutrient concentration and carbon flux harbouring diverse flora. Sensitivity of termites to environmental changes makes them vital indicators of climate fluctuations and habitat disturbances. The study is being conducted in Doon valley, nestled between the Shiwaliks and lesser Himalayas is home to diverse fauna and flora owing to its unique climatic conditions and geography. The valley documented good termite diversity with six endemic species of termites 50 years ago. However, no studies have been conducted in the valley since then to assess their current status. The valley has been facing rapid urbanization and industrialization since past few decades which has led to deforestation, habitat fragmentation and biodiversity loss. The study shows the effects of these anthropogenic pressures on the diversity of termites across four habitats viz. forest, riverine, agriculture and urban. We have also corroborated data of Land Use Land Cover data (2017–2023) and ESRI Sentinnel-2 to quantify the land use changes. We found that the built up area has intensified during 2017 to 2023 from 366378200 m2 to 437576100 m2. It shows how in recent years, the anthropogenic activities has been encroaching the forest area affecting termite habitats. Our findings show a need for conservation measures to mitigate biodiversity loss and preserve ecosystem functions in the Western Himalayan region.