Transhumance in Romania has a rich history that spans several centuries and is still practised today, though on a smaller scale. In recent years, this type of pastoralism has come into the spotlight. In recognition of the significance and continuity of the Carpathian transhumance, it was included in the National Inventory of Active Intangible Cultural Heritage Elements in 2020. As of December 2023, Romania’s transhumance, along with that of nine other European countries, has been recognised by UNESCO as an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. The present study aims to capture the dynamics of Carpathian transhumance both in terms of time and space, as well as to examine its current characteristics and challenges. In the first phase, previous research (articles and books) was reviewed to analyse how this practice has evolved over the centuries. To understand the current situation, a discourse analysis was conducted based on interviews with 15 shepherds. Furthermore, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) techniques were used to represent various elements related to spatial dynamics. The results reveal the patterns and trajectories of this traditional practice, especially during communist (1947-1989) and post-communist period (after 1990). The driving forces that led to the changes are also analysed, highlighting the impact of various public policies and economic and socio-demographic aspects. Several transformations have been observed in recent years, such as a reduction in the distance over which transhumance occurs, a decline in the number of shepherds practicing this form of pastoralism, and the adoption of modern methods. Another identified trend is the diversification of activities related to transhumance, particularly through their integration with tourism in certain areas.