This project analyzes the socio-ecological vulnerability and the adaptive capacity of small-scale agriculture to current variability and future climate change in southern Chile, especially in territories of high importance for agrobiodiversity and food production, such as the Nationally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems Pehuenche Mountain Range. For this, we use the Global Environmental Change perspective, which, under a relational approach, understands that climate change and variability transcend the biophysical dimensions, affecting the livelihoods and well-being of indigenous and local communities. To understand these relationships, we will use a mixed methodological approach to present and future socio-ecological vulnerability of small-scale agriculture and explore the contribution of local knowledge as a tool that may allow feasible and efficient adaptation strategies to the impacts of these phenomena. We evaluate the role of local knowledge as the main asset for the development of adaptation strategies to climate variability and Climate Change, where the knowledge of the protagonists themselves is the guide of the process.