The protected areas on the Tibetan Plateau play an important role in conserving biodiversity and providing ecosystem services. However, studies on climate-adaptative planning within these protected areas remain limited. This study integrates species distribution models, ecosystem service models and systematic conservation planning tools, based on species distribution database and vegetation data of the Tibetan Plateau. We expect and find biodiversity hotspots and climate refugia to optimize the current protected area network and maintain ecosystem integrity. The results showed that the Tibetan Plateau currently had 405 protected areas, covering 74.84% of its temperature-precipitation space types. Nearly 10 % of the existing protected areas would suffer from rapid climate change in the future, leading to climate space loss in current protected areas by more than 20 %. The gap analysis showed that current protected areas covered partly species richness hotspots across various taxa, including 17.99% of Actinopterygii, 36.70% of Aves, 36.54% of Reptilia, 23.12% of Insecta, 61.75% of Mammalia, 54.88% of Malacostraca, 9.59% of Amphibia, 34.78% of Gastropoda, 34.78% of Bivalvia, and 26.92% of vascular plants. To address these gaps, some key areas are recommended for adjustments or new protected areas, including the southwestern region of the Qilian Mountains and the northwestern gap region. This study highlights the necessity of incorporating climate change into planning of protected areas and provides references for ecosystem conservation of the plateau.